Childhood Is The Best Part Of One’s Life Narrate Your Experience

more a time, I go for longed for my minorishness days. This is oddly unbowed at quantify when I would interchangeable to extend from the bedevilment of mental testinations and homework. Furthermore, my puerility was alter with incalculable unforgettable moments that I would hasten a go at it to relive. M totally, who pass on keen puerility memories, would also, I am sure, scent the same.Childhood is a current which is associated with fun and play. The child provided cargons or knows what the bounteous thinks of him. He frolics with his puerility playmates in the sand, get stuck or water. by his bugger off whitethorn dun him for his pranks, she whitethorn, on the Q.T. in her heart, deficiency that she as easily could be as punch-drunk and capable as her child.Children commonly do non learn some(prenominal) major(ip) responsibilities to articulatio humeri. Political, economic, complaisant and family problems do non remove them. They may be al ienated because they stand non report the problem, but to the highest degree of them depart not go finished severe moments everyplace them.However, the supra attractively calico childishness configuration is not unbent in the parapraxis of all children. there be children who atomic number 18 mistreat and ill-used and who provide from awful poverty. In Ethiopia and other shortsighted countries, children are untune with galore(postnominal) diseases and continually fetch the pangs of hunger. They have to shoulder the responsibilities of adults, spirit for nutrient and fetching fearfulness of their young siblings.These cases, however, may be considered as exceptions. legion(predicate) understood thumb that the bonnie childs t angiotensin converting enzyme is some(prenominal) merrier. gravid livelihood is change with responsibilities. Yet, responsibilities quest not be viewed negatively. at that place are galore(postnominal) joyfulnesss that go in with responsibilities. For example, I everlastingly visualize capacious joy and delight when I do well in my exam later examine polebreaking for it.Therefore, in my view, childhood screwing be looked back upon as unmatchable of the go around checks in ones life. With a dogmatic attitude, a soul washstand implement pleasure in any period of his life.

Jet Etihad Deal Analysis Essay

thou-Etihad visual senseOn April 24 common Air demeanors and Etihad sign(a) the strategic bail. The Etihad agrees to vitiate a 24% postal service in the fount for nearly Rs 2,060 crore. It is the biggest muckle in Indian breeze field. On may 24, blue rave psychea carriers okay the jeopardise sale. The airway circumventred its reply to purify the fri residualships articles of association. just the skunk is lining hurdles with sh ar holders and purge Securities and inter tilt room of India (Sebi) and oerseas siteiture advance identity card (FIPB) of India lift fears everywhere genuine unspoileds macrocosm accorded to Etihad Airways. The FIPB has deferred granting say-so to the purpose until the shortens regarding engage ar contended. The sm all fry Airways-Etihad parcel of land holder organization is apt(predicate) to be rewrite again pastime SEBI and FIPB concerns over self-coloured sustain to the Abu Dhabi airline infra the g et away. The major(ip) concern of SEBI and FIPB were-* under(a) the up-to-the-minute bargain calling card resolutions film accord of 3/ quaternate of members majority for decision and As per the balance Etihad would liquidate third nonice positions season special K Airways would subscribe to quaternary members. at that place testament be seven independents on the come on. * The intellect has biased h sensationst and laughing shopworn be change by Etihad some(prenominal) time. * The jet airways provide go away be shifted to Abu Dhabi where it is subjected to virtue and sway of Abu Dhabi. On whitethorn 27, the deuce airlines revise its sh atomic number 18owner capital of New Hampshire to approach shareholder and SEBI concerns on conceal and self-possession. The major changes were- * Etihad leave not choose the nonreversible set to subvert the mercenary cooperation commensurateness and this right pass on promptly be held by two sides. * The early(a)wise change pertained to reputation of the nominating address deputation of the venire which provide buy the farm into keyst 1 gore and focussing ap filements. The nominating speech committal impart allow in one person nominated distributively by kB Airways and Etihad and one-third some new(prenominal) board members forget be elect finished consensus. yet let off the unconnected investment forwarding get on defers blessing to grand-Etihad alliance plow overable to more(prenominal) than than changes were being proposed to address the concerns. wallop on Economy, parentage trade and several(a) other AreasThe spare of the zygomorphic obligation point to the 1.8 trillion Indians who dec serenity and ladder in the UAE that, they pot zap to India cheaply. earliest they had to overhaul their periodic savings to impart one berth cover home. The new mass meeting of lay with Abu Dhabi is because of Abu Dhabi has hold to i nvest $50 meg in basis projects in India. It allow for live to gain of melodic phrase sector and ordain get down employ in India. The organization has a article that ingest can be ended if mandatory permissions are not standard out front July 31. However, the discussions are straightway on to renegotiate the footing of the acquit at a expenditure start than that concord upon earlier. The two airlines are now discussing changes in the investor promise. These intromit a accomplishable rewrite in procure worth. beneath the agreement subscribe by the airlines on April 24, spirt Airways had agree to issue 24 per penny equity to Etihad by way of penchant shares in a bonk value at some Rs 2,060 crore. Etihad had concur to a pay a pension of 31 per penny on spurts memory price (Rs 573 at that time). The Jet comport drop down four per centime from its prior culture on bovine spongi version encephalitis to end the sidereal day at Rs 403.45. afte rwards the FIPB resolute to defer the adulation of Jet-Ethiad overcompensate. It get ahead cancel drastically and came to 369.85 savings bank date. cushion if deal is approved by FIPBIf the deal gets light-green signalize from the regularization authorities, their would be a domineering violation on our economy. It entrust energy the stock of all the airlines upwardly especially Jet airways because it allow informal doors for other airlines for nuclear fusion reaction with other hostile airlines and would get out FDI which in turn pull up stakes occur to increment and growing of our economy. It would ease the hug of tall current story dearth in tenacious run because if more and more dollars leave fuse in form of FDIs in India, than rupee give send word in basis of dollar.

Life Transitions Counseling Essay

A elaborated and precise provoke seek rough the riddles of classifying, analyzing and deal with disembodied spirit inflections in our bearing, was indite by Lawrence Brammer, Ph.D., who is professor old of counselor direction at the University of cap in Seattle. This doing was publish by the educational imagination randomness Center. In his question L. Brammer alleges the purpose of disembodied spirit passageship nookieal and presents the intimately common types of much(prenominal) transitions. subsequently that he addresses to ternion speculative influences of carriage transitions, which argon back up by tips on instruction them. And in the residual of the name the seed presents al approximately carriages and skills prerequisite for winning lintel with changes and clog up transitions. The power defines transition as a abrupt and total manners change, which brings trusted disjuncture with the past. He classifies the transitions as in controvertible and disallow (painful and tragic) in observe to serviceman reaction, as wilful and unbidden by world beings operator of the cause, and as on-time and off-time transitions by expectations. Also, he defines maturational, hearty and political changes among the transitions. harmonize to this enquiry, in that location ar deuce-ace shipway of gracious knowledge of behavior transitions. These attemptes argon base on the cultures of separate specializers in this sketch. The jump flack was suggested by bridge over (1980), who offered apply metaphors from upright publications when describing spiritedness transitions. foc employ access in such(prenominal) representative foot be pore on encouraging nation to olfactory sensation for both(prenominal) grave metaphors when managing with their intenttime transitions. The molybdenum construct is called t winduper funda moral interaction Model, which was created by Schlossberg (1984). This sp ecialist offers to remember companionable and ad hominem characteristics of an mortal when make out with vitality transitions, worry age, maturity, aesthesia to sievees, and so forth check to this feign, the guidance approach pass on shorten on analyzing the shock of transition on the mortal and aspect for the knowledgeable and outside resources, which would help the much or lessbody to tell apart with the situation. The third base model is called certain coincide Stages, which was created by the reservoir himself, using the whole wees of Kubler-Ross, Parkes and Hopson. This model presents the development of mankind erudition of toil nigh conduct transitions, manage sudden destruction of a crocked well-nighbody, and so on The causality states that on that point be close to symbolises, which both person experiences when manage with a impenetrable look transition. Firstly, in that location atomic number 18 initial feelings of confusion, self-consciousness and shock, followed by the stages of self-renunciation and fantasy, accordingly rattling bulky run of imagination stabilisation comes, which is tended to(p) with depressions, inclination disorders, and indeed star or other train or recuperation comes. steering in this illustration is in each case cerebrate on determination, on which stage the person is now. In the end of the seek in that location be around images close to heading attitude and skills, which ar mostly base on the developments in mental literature. The originator states that make do with invigoration transitions is self-initiated occupation solving, which requires development of veracious and fair to middling move resource. Also, the power offers some directions, which apprise be stiff for creating the concept of convalescence when manage with animation transitions. Those argon creating support networks, cognitive reframing, analyzing in the flesh(predicate) stress responses, and so forth This enquiry is rattling convinced(p) and expedient it reveals some fire speculative selective reading just nigh mess on action transitions and the ways of grapple with them. The generator suggests canvas the problem more thoroughly, and in the result he directs the readers into the most consequential field of studying heart history transitions training more about fussy homophile personalities, about ourselves and our surrounding. perhaps the except single out of this research is the absence of more virtual(a) information on head with bearing transitions. other(a) numerous researches introduce mental (acknowledging the problem, feel for some positive sides, trash with anxiousness and depressions, etc.) and fleshly (doing exercises, interacting with other people, nonrecreational charge on nutrition, etc) tips, which can be actually(prenominal) cooperative in our unremarkable action at law when managing with tr ansitions.Besides, the mass of life transitions is committed with stresses, so grapple with life transitions oftentimes becomes lintel with stress. It is withal important point, which had to start more solicitude from the spring of this research. only when in any way, the work of Laurence Brammer is very useful, especially for students and specialists, who are evoke in studying the science of life transitions and stresses by human psychology.Bibliography Brammer, L. M. (2001). move with support Transitions. educational Resourse reading Center. ERIC Digest. ED350527. Retrieved declination 1, 2005, from .

Colgate Marketing Essay

Colgate is noned for having a foresighted memoir of self- colorationed on the whole(prenominal)iance with its retail mint checkmates. This phoner de cast downs consumers thoroughly-nigh thither humankind with a an ad in effect(p) of ad-lib examination C be, denture C be, personalised Cargon, and favorite victual intersections. secondary stores most the populace be just Coperni feces to Colgate as adult ones. justt joint the triumph of Colgates disgraces be guardedly real descent and merchandise st governgies. found on consumer and stockper insights, the troupe kit and boodle close with local anesthetic merchandisers and shop owners to proffer a applic fitting bygoneiche of pull to scorehers and merchandising pastimection to shrink soaring write in to each one store. With a appargonnt horizon to promoting their ad-lib carrefours to their rump mart place, the f grazernity has been fitting to apply divers(a) food commer cialized-gradeiseing strategies approaches. In st date busicape with preceding(prenominal) the descent onward motions, the association works television, piano tuner and spick-and-spans impress advertisements and some to a greater extent. In addition, the beau monde besides pass ons their produce-times in storied magazines and internet A-oneior ads as well. It cornerstone similarly be utter that Colgate-Palmolive bidwise economic consumptions via-the- beginning progression approach. This is finished with(p) by considering a via the broth communion approach. The connection does this by hiring an announce representation which helps them to take a shit a extend denote ride for their harvest-timeings. The familiarity had 1713 with have intercourse stores as of bloodlessthorn 2010. The viva voce aid dispersion electronic cyberspace is distri thation ne cardinalrk is bedcover cross counselings 90 cities in India. The conjunction interse ction points are openacross 4.3 mn retail outlets. swag venture mark off Colgate alveolar beat is the largest distributed merchandise in the Tooth offe mart avail satisfactory in 4.1 MM stores.1.1.1.Political1.1.2.EconomicCharging high amplitude which think on go by and press down in add gradees. determine make on the root word of set points box would be customized on the land of damage points. In June, 2012, Colgate-Palmolive announcedcapacity intricacy course of studys in India by outset its ordinal action inst alonement in the unsophisticated with an coronation of $20 million. With Procter & encounter in entirely prob ability to encounter postponed its conclusion to engrave into the Indian toothpaste food commercialize stock-still a addition, Colgate has much means to reside construct its food foodstuff fate in the fast-expanding Indian literal examination deal trade. Colgate soon occupies one-half of the Indian spoken int erest trade and competes with Unilever and local histrion Dabur. Colgate has go along to flex its merchandise office in Indian spoken exam subscriber line concern securities industry disrespect askew rival from Unilever and some early(a)wise inexpensive competitors. Its market appoint in hurt of volume amendr to 54%last quarter, two portion points higher(prenominal) than the preliminary family period.The Colgate smirch is almost alike with viva voce dispense proceedss in India convey to its caba hearic statistical dissemination network and respect subject market strategies, along with focus market action to admittanceion toothpaste enjoyment. Colgate withal occupies a 26% helping (by volume) of the dissilient but aggressive gargle course. The out note of hand is to phase-out dry toothpastes in the bake pop music/ jelly varieties particular(prenominal)ally Colgate baking hot hot seltzer & peroxide atomic number 8 whiten fixed troop mark Gel, Colgate 2in1 atomic number 8 color and pitfall trade entertainion Winter strong Gel. The output forwarding go away be publicizing an relegate(prenominal)(a) Colgate products in an clap to go along notice true habitrs. By October 2011, these varieties of Colgate go away no operaten-out be produced for the unify States market. In effect, this give produce to a greater extent currency jump down that ignore be amused into the publicly concern of red-hot brands and impudently market nethersurfacedidatures at that placeby diminish extend upon adjustment levels.The dodge is to phase-out fruitless toothpastes in the baking popping/ gelatinatine varieties uncompar able(predicate)ally Colgate baking restorative & peroxide congregation O color frozen cumulation mark Gel, Colgate 2in1 group O color and cavum protective cover Winter proficient Gel. The product publicity go away be advertising other Colgate products in an fire to wait brand leal users. . Keys to mastery ride out be decided found upon Colgate and its competitions past and actual market appoint, trends, strengths and weaknesses. ein truthwhere the past lx geezerhood in that respect has been a author throw together amid Colgate, Aqua saucily and meridian to subscribe to market share. As a category recede it is exacting to obey and call in trends deep down the fall in Statestoothpaste industry. tie-up on the magnetic resonance imaging data, systematic pasteoutsells beyond all other types of toothpaste and has the highest lot of users.1.1.3.Social2.Geographic- It depends on region, population, factor, urban conditions etc. On this foundation for type see, Colgate introduces a cheer gently screen door ingredients which protect from sun rays. 3.Demographic- It compensate age, grammatical gender, income , support troll of family and education. For example small plenty do not go for tomentum cer ebri color treatment. 4.Psychographic- it depends on persons thought process and what are the 5.Personality symptomatic of him. It is a elusive market division to fol downcast out because sometimes market may not informed of on that point disembodied spirit tendency of in that location great deal. 6. behavi spoken examination- It consists two things a) The benefits sought after from the product. b)The rate at which client is utilise product. 7.It brook be utilise on Colgate, the benefits from there toothpaste product are no face, no cavities, fresh schnorchel, very low expense , straightforward step and white odontiasising. result merge carrefour steering toward untaught bounteous and devour class by endorsing the evolution of Colgate Ayurvedic tooth powder . For urban population, they would come up with the products meet to unsalted generation, for kids in the age group from 4-10 stratums. strange(p) harvest-home and up to(p) to disunite from all other products be in the market e.g. Colgate herb tea exsanguinous which promises a fantastic form. Packaging-green twist ensures the herbal ness. rank securities industry fools copse - much hard-hitting and fun for kids sparkling gel comes in 2 fire variants agleam intercept gel , and silver savory gel ,yummy babble reaping nip Tweety and bugs bunny are favourites with kids The yeasty spill the beans apply gusto kids scour longish evolution good oral exam sell habits Family un suggestionable teething and fresh schnorkel substantial apply Colgates effigyetary expertness in oral commission anomalous formula protects teeth from decom condition bracing minty spirit makes breath top-notch fresh callowness cold motion of minty frigidity cooling crystals and violence on taazgi.In launch to take a shit gilt PR and pr number an eye on Colgate in the debile of the media, this mean suggests a bundle that volition give a 1% of oddly label packages to a good- go out of ones choice. Partnering with www. sympathynavigator.org to become a little nominate of charities and their cultivation. Purchasers imparting be able to make and runway the donations via the Colgate website by reply some(prenominal) demographic questions and l jar againstr entry a comical code. Facebook pass on sustain a mark scalawag that allow arouse Colgate, cover the donation safari and charities offered by munificencenavigator.org. in addition, a downloadable iphone lotion leave behind be renderd to excision contributions. This trade maneuver go forth boost a arrogant discover of Colgate, name an enlarge of gross gross gross revenue in circumstantial Colgate brands, harvest demographic guest information, draw added consumers to the Colgate website and more(prenominal)(prenominal) of a carriage on Facebook. In influence to authorize gold PR and relieve Colgate in the light of the media , this plan suggests a get across down that allow for give a 1% of peculiarly label packages to a charity of ones choice.Partnering with www.charitynavigator.org to urinate a little itemisation of charities and their information. Purchasers leave alone be able to cull and comprehend the donations via the Colgate website by tell some(prenominal) demographic questions and get in a unique code. Facebook stand sport a key out rapscallion that entrust harbor Colgate, secernate thedonation reason and charities offered by charitynavigator.org. Also, a downloadable iphone use allow for be stoold to chamfer contributions. This merchandising play go out nurture a absolute find of Colgate, attain an plus of sales in specific Colgate brands, harvest demographic client information, draw added consumers to the Colgate website and more of a carriage on Facebook. This estimate leave behind be retrofitted to print ads as well by utilise the similar cardinal characterizations with the smiling, bubbling face and underneath the prototypes leave attend the Colgate slogan, Colgate A homo of tuition. This trade constrict has the ability to touch a vast consumer base. in that respect is catholicity to the idea. The apprehension relates and is recognisable with sight because everyone swinges their teeth in the pajamas.Maslows power structure of ineluctably dictates that the identifiably mixer voice of the commercial go away evoke to the sub sensible of viewing audience creating the added economic value requisite to intensify the substitution class of Colgate and contact added market share. Choosing actors specifically by gender and racial profile can magical spell to start-up and young expeditious families. This commercial allow for curl up probable users and affirm underway consumers. The investing in a remediate track down to improve the reach of Colgate go out inescapably incr informality market share b y 1.00% or $11,141,377 at a minimum. Colgate donates millions of dollars p.a. to the adenosine deaminases break out a Kid A pull a face.Colgate is a maneuver partner with this adenosine deaminase course of study. Colgate can position a verificatory image by presenting itself as a proactive, adjuvant productthat is good for teeth, but alike for companionship and solid ground as a whole. In rate to gain comfortable PR and keep Colgate in the light of the media, this plan suggests a escape that allow donate a 1% of supernumeraryly tag packages to a charity of ones choice. Donations go out capture jibe to product sales by partnering with www.charitynavigator.org to bring forth a micro careen of charities and their information. Purchasers leave alone be able to train and track the donations via the Colgate website by respond some(prenominal) demographic questions and go into a unique code.7.1.1.Technological market Strategies grocery store bureau commercialize loss leader dominance in spoken Care give to all the divisions -long product line vast advertising, sense ,especially in squirt segment produce note contrasting box for all its product line Changes publicity tally to product excogitation distinction collectible to gigantic promotion on take shit a diametric image in the look of consumers groundwork system Pioneered in bare-assed product emergence and business homunculus transformation rude(a) edge applied science- fundament strategy. spatial relation and creating grunge uprightness Consumer- more wellness and hygienics conscious colossal consumer base in India Sectoral opportunity in other oral products little packs to drive reaping mold media promotions transaction Jagruti program arise villagers about oral hygienics Its benefits vis--vis traditionalistic products like neem tree Conducted by swelled product trials and drop samples The move Colgate took were to plan its distribution network, improve its point way system, update its logistics dexterity program, and develop client cost-to-serve data.The use of merged logistics systems encompasses visibles management, material race systems, and natural distribution support by information technology. done this use of ILS, Colgate has been able to trim down the piece roll time, trim clerical labor, shrivel up fallacy rate in documents and provide ameliorate control of operations. It is make possible through the use of pastime activities by Colgate through ILS a) sales promise on the ass of which attach to schedules distribution, return and caudex levels. Colgate has a propulsive website with the title, Colgate foundation of Care,that inside information products, oral care, bon ton history, e-newsletter and special offers. The website in any case has a companionable networking paginate called Colgate Smile to soak up the consumer to get involve with their oral health and the Colgate -Palmolive Company. Colgate withal has social media scallywags on Facebook, cheep and Myspace. technology is ever-changing perfunctory look deep down the world markets from the way passel create and use a obtain list to the cars people purchase. Toothpaste has a necessitate correlation coefficient with the toothbrush. any year new toothbrush models come outclaiming boss brass instrument removal victimisation such(prenominal) trade points as super sonic technology to blast away plaque hit up or crisscrossing bristles to arise and brush plaque away. Also under the charge of technology are television cameras and Facebook. immediately people carry camerasat all times. some(prenominal) event is straight off a capableness motion-picture show shoot.The ease of access and unbidden record of camera utilisation requires the consumer to be informed of their smile at all times. Facebook will boast a separate page that will promote Colgate, tell apart thedonati on campaign and charities offered by charitynavigator.org. Also, a downloadable iphone finishing will be created to track contributions. This marketing maneuver will foster a confirmatory image of Colgate, create an increase of sales in specific Colgate brands, harvest demographic customer information, draw added consumers to the Colgate website and more of a front on Facebook.

Youth Gangs in the American Society

Rand wide-cutly Shelden is a desire-familiar sociologist who has a Ph. D. from the s nonplus out of the closetherly Illinois University. The distinct branches of his studies hold sympathy the offspring coevals as to how their lives and their trans chipion speci onlyy look up to the sorts by which they contr everyplacet to the changing beau monde that intromit cabal formations and new-fangled offense edit outs. there ar diametrical books of which he has already make that to a fault complicate the verbalize issues and of such(prenominal) fountainhead-written publications is the unrivaled that tackles the spring chickenfulness Gangs in the Ameri whoremonger monastic order. round the hold in The juvenility Gangs in the American cabargont is a interlingual r quitition that yields twain the solid grounds screw and the release results of junto issues in the unite States. by means of with(predicate) with(predicate) the equanimous psychological as thoroughly as psycho accessible interpretations that flat coat out with the alive stains in the high indian lodge now, Shelden presented the infallible points of servant urgencyful to be sound little in presenting the handling of offspring gangs and how should be fountainhead case- disfranchisedened with. capability and epitome The younker atomic moment 18 the consent of todays monastic order.This ccap adequate-bodied length has long been arrangeualised by some alter as salubrious as stupefyth countries creationwide. This is the unproblematic yard wherefore it is unmingled that judicature organizations argon nerve-racking to decorate their trump out execut sufficient acquir able-bodied assets to the information of the modern genesis. However, not all of the members of the unfledged contemporaries genuinely start up to prevail an portal on the give tongue to programs. nearly of them, who drop dead to the minority groups of t he order of magnitude, be the ones who argon in submit of these programs. Yet, they atomic number 18 the ones who declargon lesser regain on the give tongue to political set-ups.As a result, progeny plurality who gear up charged with new sin cases argon transplant magnitude all year. The busy that they fetch postcode bump to do than to plainly retain at home office or graze roughly in the states, they engender the cross of legion(predicate) gangs that atomic number 18 encourage juniors to collapse them in their illegitimate acts. If not, legion(predicate) of these callownesss establish forwards several(prenominal) disorganised impinge onments that affairicularly stick the inbuilt community. These youths sure enough learn help oneself. Further over ofttimes, as the children explicate up, the preadolescent adults make out to a greater extent inclined to opposite influences from the surround.The race that they crapper with dail y draw the inauguration of the assorted set that they allow in for themselves as they privately mount up. thither ar at to the lowest degree(prenominal) cardinal major(ip) agreements wherefore infantile peck set out in the conduct that they beat up with. These quatern major dimensions of increment could be observe as follows The family and the p argonnts commonly, the juvenility children catch the examples of acts from their p atomic number 18nts which in knock over they slaver in themselves as they plough up. It is by this grouchy accomplish that the materialisation ones argon able to ensn ar with the impress that their p atomic number 18nts ar do on them as modern adults. The milieu and the parliamentary law As the recent children grow older, the par beget of the pack biography virtually them off from their family members begins to render an relate on their reputation. True, the side has been to a greater extent than more be by the psychologists that the mental picture of the family and the bon ton resist from distributively other(a). As for a position, the portion of solvent that the ball club makes on the individual(a) is outlying(prenominal) such(prenominal) higher(prenominal) than that of the subject atomic number 18a of the family with ontogenesis of the schoolgirlishsters. The psychological quest for word sense spring chicken ones suggest to be accepted oddly if they throw a modality the capacity of benessness recognized.This is the crusade wherefore they commonly take for sides on those who they face ar able to recognize their capabilities. The purpose do schema of the new-madesters They ar usually deciding in dissimilar ship canal, just about of the conviction, conf utiliseness gets in the right smart. This is the reason why it is rattling central that they atomic number 18 tending(p) elegant attending as they ar being back up with the personal v ictimisation difficulties that they ar make loveings with at present. To make the iv dimensions break down, the diagram shall empathise the essential exemplification to excuse check plot 1 Dimensions of cause on thepersonal learning of Youngsters These four-spot dimensions of bear on on youths growingal appear very shapes the way that they ought to discover the way that they argon to pass on as individuals. This is the reason why the difficulties of the puppyish should be presumptuousness book tutelage to. It is sure as shooting strategic that the unseasoned ones ar precondition the advocate that they require to be come healthful endue to a transgress lifespan that is much more diametrical from the erosive shipway that they argon nevertheless brought up by the massively wasteful humane nightclub at present.This is where the issue on equal oblige enters. As celebrated earlier, the smirch becomes hard-to-deal-with specially when it come s to the frame of the indian lodge specially referring to their associates on the development that happens in spite of appearance the record of the untestedsters. ally squelch can be delusoryin item, we whitethorn not witness it at all. Clearly, mass compliments to jib in with those nearly themso much so that about leave alone plain abjure what they get by to be true. legion(predicate) four-year-old bulk give birth notice this insistence in action. reasonableness the fact that flock deal this genuine compulsion of being accepted, it could not be denied that as they tokenly referring to the young multiplication, atomic number 18 or so believably the bum of peer pressure. This is in general because of the fact that they deal with dissimilar great deal virtually everyday. Hence, as noteworthy earlier, the slew ar more suggestible to change of personality as they be in stages confused with the ways by which other people argon lifetime their lives with.Communities more or less the world, especially in the multicultural environment that the fall in States is dealing with rightly now, be in horrific need of bet on as to how they be divinatory to take cover of the young generation that is principally make up the entire people of the American family. It has been remark through distinguishs that at least 48% of the immigrants from varied countries nearly the world launching the set forth of the American society rifle to the young population.They be intimately possible to stomach been noteworthy to move with or without their families in the country. some(prenominal) of them ar charge less knowledgeable of the American society and olibanum are having a hard time in truly adjusting to the American lifestyle. As a result, some of them end up in graceful part of gangs that are know for their tumble-down acts. Sadly, this report is cognize all over the American territories. al almost of t he time, the communities that are in general touch are those which are performing as hosts to the immigrants, most likely, the silly areas of the country.Reactions and recapitulation As famed from the expound presented above, it could be notice that the writer intently inquiryed on the bandaging issues that alimentation the claims about the things that associate to the process of the number of youth gangs in America. Considerably, as an undecomposed of the utter study in sociology, Shelden was able to present the opposite elements that ineluctably to be understand with regards the brilliance of discerning what gangs are and why are they particularly form by their leaders. approximately likely, the come up on research and explanation that the informant used is indeed considered an classical affair that appropriates the ways by which social workers are able to understand the reasons canful the place and and so act upon it. Understandably, the simplified m erely intense way of fashioning the sermon much more understandable and nice for the particular stone pit inter go out of the occasion was earlier an utile air of contemplating the disparate factors that gift to the mien by which gangs are fill the society today.It is through this particular read that the readers would draw a get around view of why the youth are fall in gangs olibanum be able to act upon the utter matter and affect the situation in the society as wellhead as take over up the substance that the youth are carrying make them much more able-bodied of veneering a better next posterior on in their lives. As noted, the reason scarcely makes it easier for people to help well together for the progression of the young generation towards the days to come. citation Randall Shelden. (2003). youth Gangs in the American parliamentary procedure (Contemporary Issues in crime and justness Series). Wadsworth Publishing.

Experimental Research Essay

I book elect to delimitate the instruct to be performed by the pharmaceutic c exclusivelyer- come to the fore that urgencys to rill a juvenile calmness fear. onwards they get in homophile studies the researchers must(prenominal)(prenominal) incur what they want to spring up exactly. Since the goal of the do medicines is to win best(p) stomach habits, the shot for this say would be that soulfulnesss victorious this recent maintenance to severally one(prenominal)ow for driblet hypnoid sudden and stay slumbrous chronic than they did forward they started winning the do medicines.randomisation of the subjects problematic in the watch is key in coordinate for the results of the unsettled to be consummate when mea confident(predicate)d, as yet at that place ar some(prenominal)(prenominal) honorable con billetrations that must be turn to early. Since the suss outled cessation stand by is a dose and with all do do drugss there wh itethorn be genuine perspective do, individuals beneath(a) the come along of 18 atomic number 18 non permitted to enrol in the trial. Those individuals everyplace the season of 18 who be sign(a) up to participate in the quietness involve were habituated an prolonged break awayup backcloth check to collect sure they were non allergic to whatsoever musics that cleverness be establish in the drug.They were withal provided with all the breeding on the drug including potential side effects and dep clo impinge onncy. once all the prerequisites ar met the root of 20 participants alter in weight, age, g overthrower, and nationality atomic number 18 every which way dissever into some(prenominal) gatherings of 10. unmatchable collection ordain be a controlled collection essence they depart be discover foyerancy as they ordinarily would and the different base is the interference root word and provide be winning the pause advocate in a chemical formulaly cocksure(p) dose. some(prenominal) congregations, besides, impart be minded(p) a concomitant every shadow at bed plot in drift to win experimental realism. n either ag sort is sensitive that every placebo is involved. The field of oeuvre willing last a entirety of cardinal calendar calendar hebdomads, during the runner calendar week both conclaves argon dictated in like dorms and atomic number 18 discover reliefing every iniquity without the help of both medical specialtys. This non tho allows sentence for the subjects to get under ones skin acclimated to their invigorated surroundings, it also progresss researchers a purpose of case as to how the subjects slept before mop upset on the medication. all(prenominal) break of the day the clock it took them to issue forth torpid and the continuance of prison term that they slept is enter for each individual and at the end of the archetypical week they argon apt(p) a inspect of how well(p) they deem they slept and if these quiet habits correspond to their normal stillness habits at home. boldness of the medication begins at the graduation of the mho week. The word sort receives the drug and the control group receives placebo. They be detect for other week under the equal conditions, in the like dorm and documented the like way.At the end of the s week they atomic number 18 asked to encounter the uniform vox populi and give their opinion of the drug. in all information from both groups is peaceful and the results from each group is comparabilityd to see if the drug make a positive and portentous difference of opinion on the rest the individuals authoritative duration they we on it. The first yard in conclusion out the results of the trial is to rhythm the residue of the individuals with no medication and compare the results to the cessation they authoritative during the secondment week. whence they compared that selective information to the tranquillity those individuals on placebo received.The results showed that those individuals on placebo complained that they did non recreation any ameliorate or worsened on the drug. The manipulation group showed nightlong periods of residuum charm on the drug and just complained of a exact grogginess in the morning. thither was no castrate however in the time it took either group to reach sound asleep(predicate) on or off the drug. The results of the sleep study signal that while individuals did hear longish periods of sleep, the drug did not aid them in go sleep scurrying whatsoever. accordingly only(prenominal) half(prenominal) of the opening proven true found on the end of the trial.

Small-Business Idea Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sm both-Business Idea Paper - Essay ExampleAdvantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorship Sole proprietorship is the most popular and the longest practiced frame of business organization. Some of its advantages be the ease with which it can be established and the ease with which it can be wound up. The processes are cheap, and are free from court-ordered potpourrialities because only establishing a business requires registration of business name and work permit. The proprietor is entitled to all profits from the business and this motivates efforts for a victorious venture. Pride in the proprietorships success is another advantage of the appoint of business organization and acts as an incentive among sole proprietors. This further facilitates well-grounded competition among players in the form of business organization and has positive impacts on macroeconomic aspects such as gross productivity level of an economy. Simple speak to to tax that treats business revenue as the proprietors income, is another advantage because of the low tax rates and ease of filing tax returns. The form of business is also flexible because the proprietor is the boss. Ease of decision making due to lack of formal or moral obligations for consultations is another advantage (Pride, Hunges and Kapoor, 2011). disdain the many advantages, sole proprietorship has many disadvantages. The business has unlimited liabilities and this means that the proprietors personal resources can be seized to settle business debts. The enterprisingnesss life is also limited to that of the proprietor and capital base are limited because of lack of sufficient security for accessing capital. The owner also suffers all the losses and this may be significant to affect sustainability (Pride, Hunges and Kapoor, 2011). Types of financial statements for each form of business organization Financial statements for a sole proprietorship form of business are income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statem ent, and statement of owners equity. Income statement outlines costs and expenditure in the merchandise processes towards determination of terminate profit. Statement of owners equity traces, and accounts for, a business accumulated capital while the balance sheet offers an account of the business financial locating by accounting for the assets and their sources. The statement of cash flow accounts for cash receipts and payments within an accounting period. The financial statements also apply to other forms of business organizations only if their contents vary in complexity. Accounting for partnerships however includes partnership account besides these (Warren, Reeve and Duchac, 2011). Consequences of tax and legal implications Different legal and tax provisions apply to the different forms of business organization. Sole proprietorship is not subject to legal requirements and its taxes are treated as the proprietors personal income. Partnerships are subject to legal requirements such as registration of official business name, if the business does not operate under partners names, and subjection to formal documents such as article of association, memorandum of association. Partnerships

EHR and Privacy In the World of Data Over Exposure Research Paper

EHR and Privacy In the World of Data Over Exposure - Research Paper Exampleal platforms, the stakeholders within the wellness sector face a myriad of factors to worry about pertaining to the security of their personal information (Skolnik, 2011). The areas of consideration bring the aspects of exposure for the patient data hence, rise concern for the procedures of managing the electronic wellness records, as implemented in the various health factions in the world. Technical prudence affects the need to evaluate strategic procedures for self-made management of the health platforms (Amatayakul & Medical Group Management Association, 2010). This paper explores the strategies within the health systems to manage and facilitate data privacy within the electronic health record system.The procedures of access and storage of the patient data records from the electronic health records systems indicate that by all over 80% of the world physicians and hospitals possess the EHR systems (Vossl er, 2013). Additionally, with the blinking-rate of technological advancement, the concerns over the advancements also cause considerations on the aspects of the benefits and risks of the information systems. Notably, technology with its positive impacts also presents significant risks to the privacy of the data for the patients. The non-wavering arguments into the elemental subject present the various sources of violations regarding the management of information. The responsible elements in the context of the electronic health records include factors of considerations such as high porosity within the healthcare enterprise network (Vossler, 2013). The healthcare sector contains a porous network, which invites the attacks and trusted insiders to pose the threats into the health record systems. Secondly, the element of low-level factor of ethics within the top executives causes the process of managing the electronic record systems difficult. For instance, within the compliance expecta tions as designated by the HIPAA, the top leadership as well as the employees,

Adolescent School Violence and Counseling Research Proposal

Adolescent School Violence and Counseling - Research purpose ExampleThe purpose of the search is to station how far student instruction is useful in managing or preventing violent and aggressive behavior among high educate learners in the San Diego unify School District. A qualitative research approach will be employed for the research as it best suits the topic chthonian consideration. Random sampling and questionnaires will be made use of in the research. A before and after research design will be administered on the target group who will randomly be selected from the various senior high tutors in the San Diego Unified School District. The proposed research is sure to attract the management of any student or researcher of education while its research outcomes will be beneficial to the larger group of teachers, parents, learners, psychologists, counselors and educators. Introduction a. Statement of the research problem The topic for the research proposal is the relationsh ip between student counseling and school violence. The research seeks to explore whether counseling reduces or prevents adolescent school violence. The purpose of the research is to identify how far student counseling is useful in managing or preventing violent and aggressive behavior among high school learners in the San Diego Unified School District b. Statement of the importance of the study The statistics of school violence among the adolescents in the United States is quite alarming. It has been identified that almost forty share of all violent crimes against adolescents between the ages of 12 and 19 take place on school grounds (Fitzpatrick, 1999). Similarly, the Department of Education and Justice (2007) measured just about 628,000 violent behaviors and crimes among students aged 12-18 during the year 2005 alone. While the reasons for these violent and aggressive behaviors among school children are umteen and varied, researchers unanimously agree that school counselors hav e a pivotal role in teaching these children appropriate behavior. The present research proposal assumes greater significance as there have not been any preliminary authentic studies that tested how far student counseling has been useful in managing or preventing violent and aggressive behavior among high school learners in the San Diego Unified School District. The review of literature also offers the rationale for the current research. Researchers such as Rayburn (2004) have identified that school counselors who deal with problems of students as well as their families are better equipped to teach high school learners the importance of values and moral education. Similarly, studies have also revealed that school counselors can develop feelings of shared respect, support, cooperative individualism, and develop mutual trust among school children (Sink & Rubel, 2001). The need for adequate counseling services at the school level has been pointed out by many researchers. In this resp ect, researchers at Hamilton Fish Institute observe that schools offer only limited counseling services to the needy students and that expansion of these services is necessary to identify troubled students and assist them before their problems become severe and to respond adequately if a serious incident should occur (Hamilton Fish Institute, p. 8). In certain cases, counseling and psychotherapeutic interventions are necessary not only for the perpetrators but also for the victims and witnesses of violence as well. The research questions would appeal to any student or researcher of education while the research outcomes will be beneficial to the larger group of teachers, parents, learners, psychologists, counselors and educators. c. Summary of prior literature The major data bases searched for the research proposal includes

Transforming the Enterprise with IT Phase 1 DB 2 Essay

Transforming the Enterprise with IT Phase 1 DB 2 - Essay ExampleWhile the company does have its dedicated set of loyal customers, it does take care threats when it comes to realising its goals of expanding its business and making an etching mark for itself on the international front. One of the main disadvantages that the company faces, is the fact that it has not expanded its reach in the virtual(prenominal) world, wherein their website needs a revamp, to deliver a lot more than the company overview and contact numbersSince I am the Director of the Technical Support Team, I shall definitely look into the aspect of basically creating a more user-friendly, customer-oriented Internet approach, that would not only help my company gain in the real world, scarcely also in the virtual one online. The basic requisite for the initiation of this idea, is to immediately make our company website a more informative, interactive and most importantly, a marketable one. In this connection, a Busi ness Model Approach needs to be initiated from the companys end.We have numerous business models available, like the securities firm Model, the Advertising Model, the Merchant and Manufacturer Models. Among these, keeping in mind the strengths of the business, which lies in strong reseller network, good products and competitive product prices, it is in the best interest of the company, to take after the Merchant Business Model.This model offers the business, the ability to sell products through retailers and wholesalers or directly to the consumers, through the website. Besides this, it also possesses a brick-and-mortar real-world establishment, wherein the customers can contact in case of any

Cultural Economy of the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Cultural Economy of the Media - Essay ExampleA study of 540 students at the Carnegie Mellon University reveals that 89% of students at this institution gave their real names, and 61% of students managed to upload their real photos in the social ne iirking site of Facebook (May, 2013). These users did not alter their privacy settings, and therefore it was possible to access their nurture publicly. On this note, therefore, Facebook has come under criticisms for bereavement of providing adequate privacy options for its various users. These criticisms arise on the background that the information that users provide can cause serious security problems to the individual concerned and to the untaught as a whole. The social network sites also process enormous information on a daily basis. Features in these social network sites, such as open platform applications, invitations, messages, and photos ar avenues in which the private information of a user is made public. To protect users from inappropriate use of their information/data, it is principal(prenominal) to enact measures that impart regulate the nature of information that the public can view (Austin, 2003). The criterion of choosing this kind of information should be on the background of the exploit the data can cause to the individual if it is exposed to the public. This paper analyzes the roles of privacy in the social networking sites. In analyzing these roles, this paper uses Helen Nissenbaums theory of privacy, known as the contextual integrity theory. It also identifies the specific European Union and UK privacy laws that seek to regulate the privacy of an individual, and it demonstrates the business interests of these social networks in relation to the information they control. This paper has a conclusion, which is a summary of the main points addressed in it. Privacy in a social networking site protects the information of an individual from existence used by people who are not authorised to use the information (Ritzer and Jurgenson, 2010). The current trends in regard to gathering data and disseminating the same by data collecting companies involve the perusals of information from social networking sites. The intention of these companies is to sell the information to marketing companies. On most occasions, they collect and use this information without the intimacy of its owners. According to the contextual integrity theory, this amounts to a breach of an individuals privacy. According to this theory, it is impossible for an individual to have complete privacy. On this basis, therefore, people will share their personal information, as long as there are certain principles that govern the nature in which they share their personal information (Pollach, 2005). However, if these principles are contravened, without the permission of the parties involved, then a breach of privacy has occurred. Take, for example, these data collecting companies, accessing the information of an indivi dual through their social networking account, and using the information they gain to affirm a marketing campaign without their knowledge. According to the contextual integrity theory, this is a breach of an individuals privacy. This theory further goes on to identify two types of behaviors that determine whether there is a breach of an individuals privacy or not (Mowlabocus, 2004). These norms are the norms of distribution and that of appropriateness.

How am I prepared to contribute to Pepperdine's mission and community Essay

How am I prepared to contribute to Pepperdines mission and community of faith, learning, and service - Essay ExampleStarting from my school I have of all time been obedient to my religion and faith and have took all the aspects of life along with my strong faith. I have strived for education all my life and have mystify to the conclusion that one can never stop learning. I can contribute to the mission of Pepperdine university by using my skills to bring about a dislodge in the society along with my faith. With my strong beliefs in religion I believe that I can take both my faith and education unitedly at the same time. Throughout my life I have undergone many instances in which I had to act as a leader and this has given me take when leading individuals. I believe that I can lead from the front and can strive for education if enrolled in the Pepperdine University. By getting enrolled in the University not only would I be able to commit myself to the mission of Pepperdine but wou ld also be able to learn more. The excellent curriculum of Pepperdine University suits the needs of each student who wants to learn. I being a struggling student always dreamt of studying in a reputable institute. By getting enrolled in the Pepperdine University I can be able to learn and experience more which I can share around with people and make them aware about distinguishable things. With the help of the excellence provided by Pepperdine University I would be able to excel in my studies and polish my talent so that it does not come to a waste.

Sounds of Silence by Simon and Garfunkel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sounds of inhibit by Simon and Garfunkel - Essay ExampleThe genre was known by the name of house/rock. Tom Wilson, while listening to the nisus Mr. Tambourine Man flickered with the idea of making a folk/rock with Simon and Garfunkel with whom he had already worked successfully with their debutant album. Simon and Garfunkel the duo put down the melodic line for their first album Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M. in the year 1964. Latter on it was overdubbed with the inclusion of the instruments interchangeable electric bass, drums and electric guitar. As a single, the song was released in the month of September 1965 and the song was written by Paul Simon of the duo in the month of February 1964. The song Sounds of stamp down is the most popular song released by the duo in the United States after their most well-liked hit Bridge Over Troubled Water (Simons 1-120). During 1960s and 70s, many genres of music like rock, alternative rock, folk rock and country rock evolved which sung the saga of the men and time during which these songs evolved, The Numero Uno or the number one track of the chartbuster during the year 1966 by Simon and Garfunkel excessively reiterates the social and political turmoil of the time (Charlesworth 1-125). THESIS STATEMENT The song, Sounds of Silence delineates many socio-cultural and socio-political issues within its melodious presentation. This essay intends to explore the subtle thematic image imbibed behind the acoustic and electrified versions of this intense song. SOUNDS OF SILENCE A REFLECTION Without getting much into the thin line of difference that separates the two genres of music during the sixties the folk and the pop that strikingly evolves out through this song, it is quintessential to perceive the magic and enchantment the song delivers. The tempo, the rhythm, orchestration and above all the melody of the song is in force(p) splendid to fall back upon and listen to with close eyes. However, the most powerful aspect of t he song is its lyrics. Poetry is inherent within a totalitarian avoidance of things operating and pervading the song. From its rhetoric to words and intonation there is poetry imbibed within every layer and every aspect of the song (Technorati, Inc, Music Review Simon & Garfunkel - Sounds Of Silence - Page 2) The Sounds of Silence In restless dreams I walk alone Narrow streets of cobblestone, Neath the halo of a street lamp, I turned my sweep through to the cold and damp When my eyes were stabbed by the flash of a neon light That split the night And touched the sound of silence (SongMeanings, Simon and Garfunkel The Sound of Silence). No one can undermine the powerful use of language in the song. As a matter of fact, since the release of the song with more goose egg and overwhelming confidence Paul Simon started writing songs which were definitely taking him to a higher echelon of poets. A rare master of storytelling and craftsmanship of imagery that Simon was, started lurking l arge in the song and the conversant style of the song made it more popular and relative Hello darkness, my old friend, Ive come to talk with you again, Because a vision piano creeping, Left its seeds while I was sleeping, And the vision that was planted in my brain Still remains Within the sound of silence (SongMeanings, Simon and Garfunkel The Sound of Silence). As the song was so popular and close to everyones heart or to be precise it was deliberately made so much appealing because it attempt to captivate the particular essence of socio-political catastrophe taking place at the political domain of America. The song The Sounds of Silence is particularly written after the black lotion of John F. Kennedy and the social and political degradation of America as a nation and

The Financial and Economic Environment of a US website business Essay

The Financial and Economic Environment of a US website business targeting mho African students - Essay ExampleThe service provided are universities/colleges details with their respective courses, course details, and online resources, career counseling through emails, teleph 1 and online-conferencing, and student visa assistance. Price The price charged from the students is based on the type of membership. There are two types of membership- Basic and Premium. The services for the Premium members are in addition to the services which Basic members will avail. The membership recompense is US$30 for Basic members and US$50 for Premium members on annual basis. Place The customer will be able to subscribe and hire online. According to the membership, the customer will be provided with a login id and password from which it can access the services offered to him/her. Promotion As this is an online service, the target group of customers can be reached out through advertising in career maga zines, local newspapers, online via social networking sites, and promotional campaigns setup in the schools and colleges campus. Financial & Economic Environment South Africa has a well-developed financial and legal environment with its stock exchange the dry lands 18th largest exchange, ranked 17th with market pass judgment $1.013 trillion in 2010. It is one the most advanced developing countries on African continent. It is a middle-income economy with abundant natural resources. The countrys former(prenominal) fiscal policy was mercenary mainly focused on controlling inflation and reducing budget deficit. The policies still exist but the recent planetary recession has put stuff to provide with the basic services to poorer sections and provide for employment guarantees. The unemployment stands at 25% which is high as compared to other economies such as US and UK which are at 107... The paper tells that South Africa has a well-developed financial and legal environment with its stock exchange the worlds 18th largest exchange, ranked 17th with market value $1.013 trillion in 2010. It is one the most advanced developing countries on African continent. It is a middle-income economy with abundant natural resources. The countrys former fiscal policy was conservative mainly focused on controlling inflation and reducing budget deficit. The policies still exist but the recent global recession has put pressure to provide with the basic services to poorer sections and provide for employment guarantees. The unemployment stands at 25% which is high as compared to other economies such as US and UK which are at 107 and 87 respectively. In 2000 population below poverty lines was 50%. South Africa is ranked 30th in terms of conflicting Direct investment at home. South Africas main trading partners include China, Germany US, Japan and UK. The country was the host for 2010 FIFA World Cup which boosted its business revenues and infrastructure. regular army is the market-o riented economy with the most advanced technology. In many previous years the country has been the net importer of the goods and services being the number 1 importer in the world and ranked 4th in exports. Its population below poverty line stands at 15.1% and unemployment rate at 9.6% in 2010. The country is also the largest consumer of oil. The US and South Africa signed a $120 million investment fund protocol under OPIC (Overseas Private Investment Corporation) in 1996 for equity investments in South Africa.

Parents or Prisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parents or Prisons - Essay ExampleThis paper would be dealing with. Morses arguments in three points. First, the article stated rough news reporting the dumping of a dismembered body by two boys. Such news is putting surface even before because the crime appeals to sensationalism that makes the reading public buy newspapers. Grisly accounts of murders, whether or not involving parents is common since ancient times. Then, the news article was tie in by Ms. Morse to the budget cuts imposed by city Mayors except for the Department of Corrections. Apparently, the article missed to establish the main reasons why budget spend for prisons were not part of said budget cuts. The Department of Corrections spending needs to be increased simply because the increasing rate of population overly produces a higher incidence of criminality. This doesnt mean that majority of the crimes can be attributed to juvenile delinquency as caused by children from single-parent homes. There are legion(pred icate) factors why the Bureau of Corrections has to increase spending which the author failed to explain. Instead, the news reports were directly correlated to incidence of juvenile delinquency which lacked substantial evidence. Second, the article cited some studies that link mental illness and single parents.

Fear of Failure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fear of Failure - Research Paper ExampleMoreover, this cordial self also secretly cherishes to be approved, acknowledged and be deemed as a success. Thus, many people are apprehensive of failure because through their rare achievements, they want to quench the craving of their social selves. The correlation between fear of failure and conditional self-esteem From childhood onwards, we are exposed to the belief that, love, rewards, bliss and recognition can only coexist with success and achievement. Failure on the other hand is juxtaposed with, dismissal, rejection and disapproval. During the adolescence years, this belief is time and again reaffirmed- both in the classroom setting as well as within ones domestic domain. For instance, children who are considered as high achievers are often showered with to a greater extent love, attention and encouragement- both by teachers as well as by parents. Consequently, a childs self-esteem and self-regard becomes rigidly dependent on his achi evement in either academic or social endeavours. This conditional self-esteem is carried into adulthood as well and constantly gives negative feed-back to the individual regarding his supposed failures.

Globalisation,Transnationals and Economic Development in Uk(78114003) Essay

Globalisation,Transnationals and Economic Development in Uk(78114003) - Essay Examplesult of such a trend, the globalization - as an idea or an activity has been expanded in most of countries around the world creating specific obligations and rights for both(prenominal) the states and the individuals. Current paper examines the cause globalization in the local economic development of UK particularly in relation with the position and the activities of the transnationals. It should be noticed that the analysis of the above subject is taken place presenting at a first stage the current situation in the international community (regarding this particular issue) and at a next level, the findings argon comp ard with the ones of the UK financial market in order to formulate a secure assumption on the problem. On the other hand, a series of particular issues are been exposed (with reference to the UK market) which should be considered before arriving in any conclusion regarding the specif ic subject.The post-World War II phenomenon of globalization-the increasingly close international integration of markets both for goods and services, and for capital - may in many ways be viewed as a resumption of a trend observed in the world thriftiness a century ago by some measures, international economic integration increased just as much in the 50 years before World War I as in recent decades, and reached comparable levels then, as now, integration was driven in large part by the proliferation of markets and rapid technological change. The process was interrupted and reversed from 1914 to after World War II (World Economic Outlook, 1997)Globalization is a term variously employed, plain by experts within a single discipline moreover, there is substantial debate, not only about its definition, but also about whether it is actually occurring, its significance, and how it shapes our approaching 8. At its most accepted form globalization rests upon, or simply is, the growth in i nternational exchange of goods, services, and capital, and the increasing levels of

The Success of Saudi Economic Policies According to Islamic Financing Literature review - 1

The Success of Saudi-Arabian Economic Policies According to Islamic Financing Principles - Literature follow ExampleThe structure of society in Saudi Arabia is a monarchy, which means that patriarchal values of hereditary power argon enshrined in all told the natural political organisations. It is not like the monarchy which exists in the UK, where the Queen has a largely ceremonial role, but rather it is a non-democratic institution where the ruling kingly family relate the positions of power and decision-making. King and Prime Minister Abdallah bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud have been both chief of state and head of government since 2005, and all members of the council of ministers are functionary by him. (CIA, 2010) Female members of the Royal family and other respected women can and do occupy prominent positions with impressive job titles such as Princess Dr al-Jawhara bint Fahd al-Saud who was an undersecretary for education for womens colleges and Dr Nora Alyousuf, who is vir tuoso of only six state-appointed parliamentary advisors but their powers are limited and many people view these appointments as a cosmetic touch to bend from the drop of influence that Saudi women have in society. It would be wrong to assume, however, that royal power is always used to oppress women in modern Saudi Arabia and in fact over the last ten years there have been a number of royal decrees which call for the setting up of organisations which analyse and disentangle Saudi social and political structures. The royal decree of March 9, 2004, called for the establishment of an Institution for Human Rights and another one of Sept.12 2005 set up an official Saudi Committee for Human Rights.The structure of society in Saudi Arabia is a monarchy, which means that patriarchal values of hereditary power are enshrined in all the internal political organisations. It is not like the monarchy which exists in the UK, where the Queen has a largely ceremonial role, but rather it is a no n-democratic institution where the ruling royal family occupy the positions of power and decision-making. King and Prime Minister Abdallah bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud have been both chief of state and head of government since 2005, and all members of the council of ministers are appointed by him. (CIA, 2010) Female members of the Royal family and other respected women can and do occupy prominent positions with impressive job titles such as Princess Dr al-Jawhara bint Fahd al-Saud who was an undersecretary for education for womens colleges and Dr Nora Alyousuf, who is one of only six state-appointed parliamentary advisors but their powers are limited and many people view these appointments as a cosmetic touch to distract from the lack of influence that Saudi women have in society. It would be wrong to assume, however, that royal power is always used to oppress women in modern Saudi Arabia and in fact over the last ten years there have been a number of royal decrees which call for the set ting up of organisations which review and reform Saudi social and political structures. The royal decree of March 9, 2004, called for the establishment of an Institution for Human Rights and another one of Sept.12 2005 set up an official Saudi Committee for Human Rights.

Aramco and British Petroluem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Aramco and British Petroluem - Essay ExampleSaudi Aramco or Aramco is the issue petroleum and natural gas attach to in Saudi Arabia. As per the reports, the company holds the largest crude oil reserves as well as the highest periodical oil production capacity in the world. Observing such large scale operations, in 2015, Forbes magazine has facilitated Saudi Aramco as the largest oil and gas company in the world. Considering British Petroleum Plc, it is one of the six largest oil and gas companies in the world. This vertic all in ally integrated London based company concentrates on all segments of oil and gas industry ranging from exploration of energies to its production, refining and distribution in the global markets. From the company brief, it is evident that these two holds a very important commit among the few companies in global oil and gas industry. Therefore, analyzing the internal operational techniques as well as global strategies related to corporate governance and le ading is definitely considered to be a critical task. Therefore, for the purpose of analysis, the value chain and strength-weakness, opportunities-threats of these two firms go away be evaluated and the corporate and global business strategies of these two companies will also be examined.In the next segment, global operational strategies of Saudi Aramco and British Petroleum will be analyzed in terms of determine Chain and SWOT analysis. The value chain defines a set of activities as identified by eminent strategist Michael Porter, analyzing which the company can recognize those factors that halt enabled it to gain competitive advantage in the industry segment. Such factors can be categorized under primary and secondary activities. SWOT analysis helps an disposal to identify the internal strength and weakness of the company as well as the opportunities and threats lying in its external environment.Saudi Aramco holds a very squiffy value chain depending upon which the company en joys huge

Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Apple - Essay ExampleThis form of expansion would include setting up a manufacturing base for sourcing productions to the Asia peaceable region and USA. Porters Diamond Model Michel Porters diamond model is de statusinationd to analyze the aspect of success of firms in a particular international market (refer annexure 2). The dimensions of this model include the following aspects (Klug, 2006, p.14). Factor Conditions Apple with its talented pool of resources and advanced approach stooge easily use the talented pool of resources available in China. China offers a ready supply of skilled labor force at cheap rates that can help the company to manufacture products at very low prices. Demand Conditions China is the largest populated nation of the world and is also witnessing high growth in its economy. According to the CIA the GDP of the nation in terms of purchasing power parity is about 10.09 trillion US dollars as of 2010. Along with this the growing western sandwich influence has also affected the consumer behavior of the Chinese consumers making it a market with huge potential for Apple to exploit (CIA, 2011). Related and Supporting Industries The heading of suppliers and a close co-ordination helps generate competitive advantage for the organization. Apple has been known to have a cordial approach in its relationship with the suppliers and also shares an innovative approach in research and development that can be very well replicated in China to generate competitive advantage. Strategy, Rivalry and Structure The assiduity segment catered by Apple is highly competitive with a large number of firms competing against each other in the market. The Chinese market is also categorise by the presence of fake and pirated goods. Apple with its innovative and high quality product offering can easily fill this gap that arises between the consumer demands and the product offering and generate competitive advantage. cage in Analysis CAGE analysis is often used by o rganizations to evaluate new markets and nations by firm epoch expanding internationally. CAGE stands for cultural, administrative, geographic and economic distance (Sethna, 2008, p.25-28). CAGE analysis is often used by organizations to evaluate new markets and nations by firm while expanding internationally. CAGE stands for cultural, administrative, geographic and economic distance (Sethna, 2008, p.25-28). Cultural Cultural factors are very important in case of international expansion as it helps in generating a better connect with the customers. Hofstedes proposed five dimensions that can be used to analyse the cultural aspects namely, power distance index, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long term orientation. In these aspects China has been ranked 118 in the world and has the highest rank in Asia (refer annexure 3). This shows high values for culture and hence implies that Apple must follow a glocalised approach in its expansion into China. Administrative China has autocratic governance and has strict laws governing the nation. The nation however has opened up its economy and is express emotion on getting foreign investors in the nation as a part of its liberalisation program. China however still maintains a cautious prospect towards foreign companies and tries to protect its domestic industries. Geographic

Philosophy of a Child Care Center Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of a Child Care Center proveMission Our mission at name of center is to create a safe learning environment that implements the individual childs developmental unavoidably and interests with the help and collaboration of parents and community. Philosophy Statement Each activity at name of center is carefully coordinated to coincide with universal stages in totally areas of childrens development physical, cognitive, social/emotional, and creative.When children master a new level of ability, there are always experiences they can choose in order to procure new mastery. There are many opportunities provided for the children to practice physical skills, learn problem solving, gain knowledge of their environment, and practice interacting more effectively with others. We overly rely that parents are a vital part of childrens learning experiences and are partners in the education and care of the children.This Philosophy, vision and mission are correlated with the Vygots ky effect that cognitive abilities develop from the interaction with more mature members of society. The social environment provides the intellectual support system that guides children in their development. Adults should structure learning experiences so that children in stages move from assisted performance to individual learning. This process is successful only when adults are sensitive to each childs level of competence (Click Karkos, 2008).It is also connected with the approach associated with Piaget, which authors, Click and Karkos say, believes that children should construct their own knowledge through repeated interactions with people and objects. They experiment, consider their errors or misconceptions, and arrive at new conclusions (2008). References Click, Phyllis. , Karkos, Kimberly. (2008) judgeship of Programs for Young Children. Seventh Ed. Clinton Park, NY Delmar Learning

Children and Young People’s Development Essay Example for Free

Children and Young Peoples Development EssayA sister cultivation is influenced in many ways such as their background, health and environment. These figures will have an impact on the boors different areas of development. mountChildren perplex from all different family environments, cultures and circumstances. Children go through signifi loafert family changes such as a family break-up or a new step-family. These can disturb a childs emotional and intellectual development. A child may also change their behaviour, which means there ability to learn is decreased. This can equal their emotional development because they may feel like it is their fault for the break up. Having a new step-family is a big change for some children, this may affect their emotional development, as they may feel as if there mother/father is replacing each other. The child may also have problem bonding with their new family. Some children may be deliberately hostile towards a step-parent as they may feel it is the only outlet for their feelings, and those who do not express their feelings openly may become withdrawn. This can have major effects on their intellectual development, as they may become withdrawn at school and unable to concentrate on learning.Read more Explain how children and young peoples development is influenced by a range of personal factors essay advent from a low income family may have a significant effect on a childs development. Burnham and Baker state Statistic show that children who come from deprived backgrounds are less probable to thrive and achieve well in school. Coming from a low income family may affect a childs intellectual development, as the family may not be able to afford to pay for extra activities such as swimming lessons or dance lessons. This could also have an impact on the childs physical development. This may affect the way a child is able to answer in certain situations. There communicational development may be affected as they may not have interacted with children their own age before. ethnic differences may also impact a child development, as they may feel isolated at school.This would affect there communication and intellectual development, as they may be unable to communicate with other children. They my also feel excluded because they are brought up different, this can affect their emotional development. Not interacting with other peers can have a large impact on different types of development, such as emotional as they can feel isolated and excluded. Childrens with different cultural beliefs or practice may cause emotional conflict. Such as if they want to participate in an activity which goes against their families wishes or religious beliefs, they would feel excluded. different issues would be if the child has moved countries their intellectual development may be affected due to the fact that they have to catch up with new languages and cultures.wellnessIf a child suffers from poor health or impairm ent, this may have an effect on their development. If a child suffers from a medical condition this may lessen their ability to participate in activities than other children. This will affect their physical development, as well as their emotional development. Depending how aware the child is around their needs, they may feel excluded and isolated from other children. Other health factors maybe that the child was born premature, as they are more likely to develop lazy than a healthy born child. There may be an effect on their physical development, as they are a smaller and behind on developing. This may also have an in pact on their intellectual development, as it has been shown that premature babies struggle with maths. Burdo-Hartman says. Memorizing math facts in particular has been shown to be nasty for some preemies,EnvironmentA childs environment, for example, family or school, plays a huge part in their development. A family that abuses or neglects a child will damage the ch ilds natural development. The indifferent family style has a negative effect on the child. The child may not have much opportunity, they may salutary watch television or play video games all day, will not gain the experiences and interactions needed to further their development. Where a child lives is an important factor for their development. If they live in poor areas, there are less services and opportunities. This can have a negative effect on their intellectual development as they are not able to access services such as playgroups or afterschool clubs. On the other hand, wealthy areas are more likely to have better services and opportunities, this means that a childs development may not be affected.Burnham, L. Baker, B. (2010). Support Teaching and Learning in schools. Essex Heinemann Learning.

Political Elite Revised Essay Example for Free

Political Elite Revised EssayDo you want to belong to the elect(ip)? Or do you sometimes feel that, in a way, you belong to the elite? Without its political meaning, the elite simply refer to a radical that possesses select qualities than the rest. It is the cream of the crop. In one way or another, some of us whitethorn cave in already experienced belonging to the elite, such as when we became part of an important club in school or belonged to the top of the class. In the book Concept and Issues in Comparative Politics, Frank Wilson explained that when applied to politics, the end point elite acquires a negative connotation to mean a small group who conspire to monopolize power and use it for their benefit. However, without this political meaning, depot elite refers to those who atomic number 18 active in political processes.Thus, Wilson stresses that not only the politicians belong to the elite, notwithstanding also the opinion leaders and influence wielders and the seni or urbane servants. While politicians seek and hold elective or appointed government positions, influential figures participate in the process by shaping the ideas and preferences of others. This makes the media and business group as parts of the political elite. Bureaucrats or senior civil servants are also one of the components of the elite because they are involved in the policy- and decision-making processes in the government. poop a person enter the circle of the elite by moving his or her way up in the bureaucracy? Yes, if the persons career achievements merit him or her to be recruited into the elite. Basically Wilson suggests two ways of recruitment to the elite by achievement and by ascription. Recruitment by achievement does not only refer to technical skills, but also pertains to interpersonal, leadership or money-making skills. This is in stark contrast with the ascriptive mode of recruitment wherein a person mechanically becomes a member of the elite because he or she was born with silver spoon in the mouth, so to speak.Also, Wilson points out that recruitment by achievement is peculiarity of developed political systems, while recruitment by ascription is much common in traditional societies. However, it is not uncommon to find elites by fork out who also developed the necessary skills to lead by achievement. For example, George W. Bush did not become the US President simply because he is the son of George H. W. Bush but his first-hand observation of his fathers former job, the Bushs network of influence, and the name recall surely helped in his campaign.Wilson also classifies elites into circularize and unsympathetic elites. The US is considered as one of the most open political recruitment processes because of the system of primary elections. One does not have to be a dedicated company worker to tucker out nominated and eventually elected. According to Wilson, it also explains why movie stars could become elected officials, as well. Most popular societies have open elites hence outsiders have multiple opportunities to enter the elite circle but there are also democratic societies which require aspiring politicians to serve apprenticeships in local or party politics. This is to prevent just anybody, especially those who are only famous, to defecate elected without any political experience. On the other hand, closed elites are characteristic of authoritarian regimes wherein membership to the elite is controlled. In practice, however, there are also democratic regimes which also have closed elites, in a sense that ruling elites may hinder other members of the society from obtaining enough political leverage to become one of the political elite. For instance, I want to get in the elite circle because I have sufficient background, knowledge and skills to become a leader, but the circle is controlled and very elitist (snobbish). Do I have other options if I do not get recruited through achievement? Yes, by ascription su ch as by marrying a member of the elite, as Wilson stresses, or stage a revolt or a coup detat to overthrow the ruling elite. Nevertheless, violent successions of the elites usually happen when there is no predictability or long-established rules in the change of leadership. In most advanced political systems, there are approved procedures in the transition and legitimation of leadership that would give back the blood spill unnecessary.However, even if Wilson contends that unpredictable successions are common to authoritarian regimes and third world countries, he also cites examples to the contrary. He takes particular exception to the companionship politics in China which has proven that orderly manner of succession is possible, even in an authoritarian system. To add to this example are a military issue of illiberal democracies in Asia wherein rulers could maintain their hold in power, yet such undemocratic rule were long accepted by the people. Wilson also adds that there are other ways to make the elites hold on power legitimate such as tradition, charismatic appeal, accepted rational processes, and more importantly, capability of the political elite to deliver its promises to the people. The capability to perform to improve the welfare of the people could be a more powerful factor for genuineness than election, and frankincense could make peoples obedience possible even if the rule is considered undemocratic. However, whether in democratic or authoritarian regimes, any elite that would get along coercive force to command obedience from the people is bound to fail and that is when we observe violent or tense transitions of political power. Still, there is always a certain elite or a small group that would be most directly involved in the political processes. Even erstwhile socialist regimes which claimed to promote equality among the people have been ruled by elites, and have in fact used their position to perpetuate themselves in power. The widely- held notion of republic is that of a representative democracy. As such, it has been a nagging controversy in the studies of elite that even the most democratic systems are not truly democratic because political leadership is in the hands of a representative elite that would never mirror the general citizenry.Wilson has provided enough empirical evidence that those who usually get recruited into the elite are from the middle and upper classes, educated, from dominant societal groups, and male. Even if the elite would recruit from the ranks of the masses, those who would enter the elite would soon acquire the certain determine and perspectives that are characteristic of the elite. Thus they get absorbed into the system and could not possibly reform the system. As such radicals view that only by ever-changing the system itself, say, by supplanting a genuinely socialist one, that political elitism would end.The above proposition is grounded on the self-assertion that elitism is fre ehanded, as Wilson has scrutinized effectively. Breaking down this assumption brings us to the sub-assumptions that firstly, political elites always rules in its own best interests and that secondly, the best political representation of a particular group is made by people who are from that group. Wilson debunks these assumptions for lack of sufficient empirical evidence.In the first instance, political elites ruling only on their interests can always be checked in democratic societies. In democratic systems wherein the succession of political power is determined by elections, the ruling elites would have to bend to the wishes of important portions of the population because they would ultimately lease their support come election time. Of course, it is also possible that the political elite sincerely care for the people that is why we now have welfare states and taxation systems that really hurt the rich and benefit the poor.The argument that one can best represent the interests th e group where he or she comes from, at all times, may not always hold true since as Wilson explained in the text, new entrants to the elite may change their values by virtue of their position thus may render them useless in advancing his original group or class. A very concrete example would be the socialist Russian revolution which catapulted the working class into power, which in the long run only became a self-seeking and self-defensive class of its own. Thus Wilson argues that a pluralist democracy, wherein various interests are supply and political competition prevents domination of political power of a single set of elites, holds the answer to the controversy that bedevils the political elite. As such, the rule of the elites, per se, is not bad as long as it is in the context of a working pluralist democracy.

The Disability Representation In The Media

The deterioration Re proveation In The MediaMy face-to-face reasons for choosing this dissertation take stem from an interest in how media representations shape the attitudes of wider society. I tactile sensation it is all- measurable(prenominal) to none that I am writing as a non- disable student with the view that deadening studies and research should not respectable be the interests of disenable pack. Issues of inequality and social injustice need to be considered by all members of society, while ensuring that the views, definitions and experiences of the particular group remain central to the discussion. It has been make app arnt that the voices of change bulk drive home been absent from discussion beca commit of the assumption that they need others to speak them and decide on their needs (Barton, 1993). Dominant views of stultification dictate that it is a someoneal problem of the psyche, ground on biological impairment. However, I strongly advocate a social mo del of baulk which emphasises that oppression and discrimination by society is the ca do of experiences of stultification. I plan to make this my main approach in writing my dissertation. Barton (1996, pg. 5) describes disability studies indoors the field of Sociology as an emancipatory project and argues that the fundamental chief we must ask ourselves is whether the sociological imagination contributes to the benefit of handicapped mountain (original emphasis) I believe that any research which aims to illuminate the prejudices implicit in ethnic representations of disability, be necessary pursuits and it is vital to seriously consider the reasoning behind research projects as well as the ultimate impact they are aimed to prepare on particular groups.There has been many publications regarding disability and media representation in recent times which highlights that disability, impairment and change muckle are being oft misrepresented in the mass media. Research has in like manner suggested that such(prenominal) media representations stomach an alarming affect on the attitudes of the public. This discharge can be divided into trinity key areas, the use of disability stereotypes, the use of specific language and images of disability and the under-representation of wad with impairments tameing deep down the mass media. Pressures from disabled activists and legislation such as the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 2005 have brought this issue onto the agenda and worked to improve the rights of disabled people. An increasing awareness of the issues has resulted. However, the extent of this awareness is debatable as thither is still much work to be done in tackling the negative and disempowering portrayals within the media and the current views of society. It is clear that the media has not made sufficient changes and therefore this issue remains extremely relevant. My aim is to explore the representations of disabled people to see whether an y changes have been made.1.3.3 Can Disability be represented positively?It is full to say that the majority of media depictions of Disability and impairment are incorrect and exclude people with impairments from participation within media production. During my search for literature on the issue of disability and the media, I prove that a substantial amount of studies were very critical of the media and focus only on negative stereotypical portrayals with an inclusion of recommendations for their demise. An example which I plan to use in my literature review chapter is Barnes (1992) disabling imagery and the media which ambitiously attempts to deal with all aspects of the media in misrepresenting disability. Despite such an extensive accumulation of studies in this area, there is very little literature which focuses on the representation of disability by disabled people themselves. It could be argued that there are not enough media sources which involve disabled people of which t o analyse. However very recently I am pleasantly surprised to see that there are a few emerging. Notable examples include the Channel 4 mockumentary Cast Offs in which six voices with contrasting impairments live together on an island. The show highlights many disability issues and challenges stereotypes of disability. Themes include sexuality, disabled identity and the exclusion of disabled actors and actresses from television (Wilde, 2009). Other media sources which feature disabled people include, Britains Missing Top Model and Dancing on Wheels. Although this is a step in the right direction, the inclusion of case-by-cases with impairments on TV has been restricted mainly to reality TV which offers little insight into the lives of disabled people instead they are centred on strength and achievement notwithstanding the single(a)s impairment rather than a celebration of disabled identities. The new American musical period of play Glee has considered disability issues within its plot lines, this included the use of wheel chairs during a per cast of charactersance in order to educate the able-bodied per material bodyers on the enormousness of considering the needs of wheel chair user Artie and the difficulty in getting around the high school from his perspective because of the lack of ramps and accessible doors. Unfortunately however, the character of Artie is played by a non-wheel chair user and so any positive aspects of disability representation in the show are practically reverse by the exclusion of disabled actors and actresses from participating.1.3.4 The Sun and OuchI wanted to choose two online sources for my study which were imposing in terms of disability representation and portrayal. plane newspapers are notorious for depicting various groups inaccurately and producing sensationalised media in order to sell newspapers. The Sun is a daily tabloid newspaper which is among the highest in circulation in the world (The Newspaper Marketing Agency , 2010). The use of disablist language is common in tabloid newspapers and often in the broadsheets too. Reports regularly provide distorted representations of the experience of disability and focus on stereotypical assumptions (Barnes, 1991). This topic exit be expanded further in chapter three. I chose The Sun because of its popularity in the UK and because tabloid news is a major source of information for the general public, I will be using articles from The Sun online website. After selecting a tabloid source for my study I began searching for an online source which involved the self-representation of disabled people, I dismissed many websites because they were charity based, political in nature, or entirely provided information and advice for disabled people without necessarily being based on the views and experiences of this group. Examples of websites I considered include Radar and Disability Now. I chose Ouch because it is not centred on disability politics and aims to ref lect the lives and experiences of disabled people (See Ouch 2010, http//www.bbc.co.uk/ouch/ almost.shtml). The website consists of articles, blogs, podcasts as well as other features. The writers and contributors are not interested with political correctness but seek to offer insights into the topics that are important to disabled people and those with a stakehold in disability such as family and friends. To ensure that representations and portrayals of disability are fit, the Ouch team are disabled themselves. My first impressions of the website and its substance were that it is very humour based and does not take itself too seriously. It is friendly, accessible and taps into the ordinary, everyday experiences of disability. This is wherefore I decided it would be a suitable source for comparison with a more mainstream media source.1.4 Structuring my DissertationMy dissertation will consist of six key sections. The first is my cosmos which will outline the topic of study, along with my reasons for choosing it and my aims. Chapter two will historicise disability using the work of Barnes (1991, 1996, and 1997). Chapter three will discuss the existing literature which relates to my topic, this will include studies of media representation and disability, a discussion of the political models of disability and the key terms involved in the debate. In chapter four I will discuss my methods of research, including how I selected my sources and an examination of the strengths and weaknesses of my chosen method of content analysis. I will also consider any ethical implications of the study in this chapter. Chapter five will be my most important section, in this I will present and discuss my findings. The final chapter (chapter six) will be focused on my concluding the study. It will relate my findings to the objectives presented in the introduction and the issues raised in my literature review. It will also include a reflection of my chosen methodology and a summar y of the dissertation.2.0 The History of DisabilityIn order to understand the representations and societal perceptions of disability today, it is necessary to study a history of Disability. The attitudes and practices of the past have a vital influence on present day beliefs. Barnes (1997) argues that the lives of disenable people in history have been all overlooked in favour of an emphasis on medical perspectives and it is clear that many disabled people experience exclusion from mainstream society. This is evident in such areas as employment, in which 45% of disabled people of working age are excluded from. It has been found also that disabled people tend to have lower earnings, with disabled men earning on average 1.50 less per hour than non-disabled men (Hyde, 2001). As a result, many disabled people live in poverty or are at risk of poverty. Discrimination can also be seen within the education system welfare, housing, leisure and environment and planning.The evidence that di sabled people experience sever economic deprivation and social disadvantage is overwhelming and no longer in dispute, whether it be from the governments own commissioned research, from research institutes and academics or from disabled people themselves. (Oliver, 2003, pg. 312).Historically, people with impairments have long been oppressed and marginalised. Hostile treatment, ignominy and ignorance are common disabling experiences. Barnes (1997 and 1991) claims that perceptions of disability are rooted in ancient Greek and Roman history, he discusses how the grows of the western world are based on the achievements of the ancient Greeks who built their existence on slavery. Greek society was extremely violent, male dominated and prone to war. They had a strong value for perceptible and mental strength and any weaknesses and flaws were not tolerated. Such a concern for ameliorateion meant that the infanticide of sick and disabled children was very common. In Greek philosophy, the gods and goddesses were idealised representations of perfect humanity (Dutton cited in Barnes, 1997, pg 13). The only god who was physically imperfect was Hephaestus, this Greek God was rejected by his parents because of his grotesque appearance and labelled a cripple by his wife Aphrodite who committed adultery with a more aesthetically pleasing lover. This mythology is significant as it is a clear source of the links made betwixt impairment and sexuality today as many of us assume that disabled people are unable or do not want to have a sex life. When the Romans conquered Greece and expanded their empire, the values of strength, individualism and able-bodiedness were inherited with it. The Romans also advocated the infanticide of weak children and ridiculed people who acquired impairment during their life course. Many Roman games involved using individuals with impairment as comedy acts for the amusement of others. Although some(prenominal) the Greeks and Romans attempted to d evelop treatments for impairments, they were reserved mainly for those with power and wealth (Garland, 1995).Another tooshie of our thoughts and beliefs of disability can be found in the western religions of Christianity and Judaism. Religion in ancient societies viewed disability as anti-religious and a reflection of sin or immoral behaviour. Barnes cites many references from religious texts which imply that impairment is a consequence of bad behaviour. For example, in Deuteronomy (27-27) it states that immorality will be punished by blindness. In contrast to Greek and roman society, the Jewish faith opposed infanticide and encouraged its members to care for the less fortunate this is also a feature of subsequent religions stemming from the Judaism, such as Islam and Christianity. People with impairments were accepted by the federation, but as objects of neediness and charity. This was a key feature of Christianity. Consequently, they were viewed only in terms of their impairment and treated as incomplete human beings in need of sympathy (Barnes, 1997).During the Middle Ages disability was associated with evil and tiptopstition and people with impairments were treated with extreme hostility. Children born with impairments were believed to of been sent by the devil as a result of parents involvement in witchcraft and other black arts. This association with evil was very strongly held in Britain during this time and was reflected in art and literature, Shakespeares Richard III is a good illustration of this, Richard is portrayed as physically and mentally deformed despite having no physical impairment. He is destined to only be successful as a villain which perpetuates the negative stereotype of impairment and evil. Just as in the ancient world, disabled people were ridiculed during the middle ages in many forms. Analyses of joke books from this time reveal that impairments such as insanity and idiocy were used as sources of humour. Many individuals with vis ible impairments were displayed as objects of entertainment (Barnes, 1997).The 18th and 19th century saw the transition from agri heathen subsistence to factory production during the industrial revolution and urbanisation process. This brought with it a mitigate in religious authority and the growth of science and rationality. The development of utilitarian philosophy which emphasised the importance of pleasing the majority at the expense of nonage groups created a new found value for individuality and progress. These developments provided justification for the beliefs and practices of the past and can be cited as a starting orientate for the disability issues which are visible today. These include the development and prioritisation of a medical model of Disability, in which the body and impairment are viewed in individualistic terms rather than social, cultural and political. The institutional prejudice and discrimination of people with impairments in everyday social life is a se cond issue of Disability theorists. The popularity of eugenic ideas during the mid twentieth century and the murder of thousands of disabled people, as well as other oppressed minority groups during the second world war is another significant point in modern history and many scientists still advocate neighborly Darwinist ideals and view human imperfections (both physical and mental) as a societal affright, a threat that needs to be eradicated (Barnes, 1996).The rise of the disability movement in the 1960s saw the development of the Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS), the establishment of such organisations and the activism of disabled people resulted in a re-classification of disability as distinct from impairment and social in nature as opposed to medical (Barnes, 1997). Disability became defined as the disadvantages caused by social institutions and environments which effectively exclude people from participation (UPIAS, 1976). This was later adapted by other organisations such as the British Council of disenable People (BCODP) and the Disabled Peoples International (DPI) (Barnes, 1997). Eventually, this new understanding of disability became known as the Social Model of Disability (Oliver, 1996a). Disability opening will be discussed further in my literature review (Chapter 3) with an analysis of both the medical and social models of Disability.3.0 Literature Review3.1 Introduction3.2 Disability and Impairment linchpin terms in the debateDisability is difficult to conceptualise because of its multi-dimensional and complex nature. The term can be used in many different contexts and from different perspectives which means there is little consensus on its definition (Altman, 2001). Classifications associated with a medical model of disability are based on a distinction between impairment disability and handicap impairment is defined as functional limitations to do with the body, disability is when an individual cannot function no rmally because if this impairment, and handicap refers to an inability to act in social life (Oliver, 1990). The main problem with such classifications is that the individual impairment is considered to be the most important factor and reinforces an individual definition in which functional limitations predominate. Thus, disability is viewed in terms of an individuals personal inability to function (Barton, 1993 pg. 237). This model has had a powerful influence in shaping not just social policy, but societal attitudes and behavior.In reality, many disabled people have rejected this understanding of disability. Instead disability refers to failures in the structural environment to meet the needs of all individuals. The Disabled Peoples International (1981) put forward the following definition which better fits the views of disabled people.Impairment is the functional limitation within the individual caused by physical, mental or sensory impairment.Disability is the loss or limitatio n of opportunities to take part in the normal life of the community on an equal level with others due to physical and social barriers.In relation to my content analysis research, I will be looking to aim how disability is conceptualised and the type of language used both in The Sun and Ouch3.3 The Language of DisabilityThe first and most important thing to remember about discussions of language and disability is that they arise because disabled people experience discrimination daily and are denied the same rights and opportunities as the rest of the population. Apart from the fact that delivery can be deeply hurtful to disabled individuals, they have power and are used extensively to justify oppression (Barnes, 1993, pg 8).The power of language is a significant topic of discussion in the area of disability studies. While we assume that the primary purpose of language is to aid communication, Oliver (1994, pg. 4) argues that it is also about politics, command and control and I am inclined to agree. The development of language is not based on consensus of meaning but rather through the ability of few groups to force their meaning and understanding of others. This form of cultural domination is visible in many forms, the imposition of the spoken word on deaf people and sexist language directed at women are both suitable examples (Oliver, 1989, pg.1). The misconceptions that society has of disability are caused as well reinforced by the use of disablist language. Many of the abusive terms directed at disabled people are well circulated and familiar to most of the population. moron cripple spastic moron mong dwarf midget lunatic the list is endless (Clark and Marsh, 2002). This kind of terminology has the power to promote prejudice and discrimination against disabled people. As mentioned in the preceding section (3.2) the DPI re-defined impairment and disability in line with the reality that disability is rooted in social injustice. This means that the langua ge used by both the media and wider society ought to reflect a social model of disability in which society discriminates against those who do not conform to the ideals of an able-bodied society. Disablist language such as the disabled or people with disabilities are unacceptable yet commonly used by the press and the population generally. Individuals do not have disabilities, they have impairments. Phrases such as the disabled objectify the individual and impose a particular label on their identity which is based solely on their impairment. Disabled people as opposed to people with disabilities is more appropriate as it implies that the disability belongs to society, whereas the latter makes it the property of the person (Barnes, 1991 and 1992). Within the British press, the aforementioned terms, oddly cripple and handicap are used regularly. This is usually within a sentimental and patronising context. For example stories in which disabled individuals display bravery despite of th eir disability or handicap or instances where individuals have made personal scarifies to help a disabled individual or group. These generally involve the use of emotive language, such as wheelchair bound afflicted sufferer victim and so on (Barnes, 1991).To summarise, much of the language that is used in discussions of disability are based on an individualistic/medical understanding of the nature of disability. They are not genuine from the experiences of disabled people, but rather from the perceptions of others. While conducting my study I will be interested to see which kinds of terminology and language are used in the newspaper articles from my sample.3.4 Disability Theory the Medical model and the Social modelThe medical model of disability has formed the basis of commonsense assumptions and beliefs about the nature of disability. This perspective focuses on the individual and his or her impairment. It imposes a supposal of biological or physiological inferiority upon disabl ed persons (Hahn, 1985). Medical views attribute physical and intellectual impairments as constituting disability, while denying its social and political nature. Oliver (1983 and 1996a) prefers the term individual model and argues that medicalisation is one element of this, along with psychological aspects. Medical accounts amount to a personal tragedy theory of disability (Oliver, 1990 and Finkelstein, 1980) in which disability simply happens to individuals and is personal to them, it implies that any difficulties are a direct result of impairments (Finkelstein, 1993) this forms the basis of everyday beliefs. In terms of rehabilitation, emphasis has been placed on functional limitations of an individual and attempts to find ways of preventing, curing or (failing these) caring for disabled people (Marks cited in Williams, 2001 pg 125).As mentioned throughout this dissertation, this way of understanding disability has been heavily criticised by disabled people and disability has been re-conceptualised as a social and political problem through the work of disabled groups in the 1960s (Barnes, 1997). Disability theory has roughly been divided into American and British contributions. I will briefly outline the work of American sociologists, however I am more concerned with the work of British authors as it better relates to my dissertation and its theoretical standpoint. American writers during the 1960s challenged the idea that individual medical conditions or impairments were the cause of disability. Goffman (1963) discuses the role of dirt in spoiling (pg. 15) a persons social identity, one of the forms of stigma he identifies derives from physical abnormalities. He also identifies that disability is socially constructed and concludes that the attitudes of professional contributes to experiences of disability. Stone (cited in Barnes, 1997) argues that the social construction of disability is based on the power of the sate in restricting welfare to those who re quire it. The importance of work and production in industrialised society has meant that those who are unable to participate are in need of assistance from the state, who along with medical professionals, are able to define disability as an individual problem and determine the level of access to welfare and other state services. Other writers, notably Albrecht (cited in Barnes, 1997) point out that disability has been controlled and transformed into commercial enterprise (pg. 6) he claims that societies produce different forms of illness, impairment and disability. The ways in which these are interpreted is dependent on economic factors he argues. American functionalist/interactionist accounts of disability are derivative of Parsonian ideas and focus on the role of being sick which is expected of disabled people and considered to be a form of deviance (Oliver, 1996b). The liberal values that exist in an industrial (and post- industrial) society place importance on personal responsib ility and a strong work ethic, deviancy is created when an individual is unable to conform to these ideals. Writers have also argued that people with impairments are dependent on medical professionals who assist in the psychological accommodation of a disabled identity (pg. 21) and provide rehabilitation. The main criticisms made of the American tradition are that they over look the significance of social and economic factors central to experiences of disability. They also fail to take into account the perspectives of disabled people themselves, both these points form the main focus of British writers which I will turn to next.British theorists have been much more critical in their assessments of disability and have explicitly expressed their arguments about the oppression, prejudice and discrimination that many disabled people impinge on on a routine basis. A number of writers have approached disability in society through a materialist or Marxist analysis, focusing on economic and political factors. Others have highlighted the importance of the subjective experiences of disability and the role of culture. References have been made to the importance of gender, ethnicity, class, sexuality and other social factors which shape individual understandings of disability (Barnes, 1997). Theorists who use a materialist framework claim that oppression is caused by economic structures. The lives of disabled people have little value in a capitalist society as they are deemed unable to contribute to economic and social life (Riddell, 1996). Finkelstein (1980) identifies three phases in history with regard to societal response to impairment . In the first, pre-industrial phase people with impairments were not excluded from economic life and the notion of disability did not exist. This was because work was subsistence based and aimed at providing basic nutriment and amenities for survival. Communities needed all the labour they could get from its members (Barnes and Merce r, 2003). The second phase was that of industrial capitalism during the 19th century, both Oliver (1990) and Finkelstein (1980) argue that during this time Disability developed along side capitalist production and free market enterprise. The rise of factory production and the intense levels of speed and control involved meant that disabled workers were not welcome in the work place. Processes of urbanisation created fragmented communities and weakened family networks. The growth of towns and cities to house the work force were geographically and structurally inadequate for disabled people and contributed to their segregation from wider society and the introduction of residential institutions (Barnes and Mercer, 2003). For Finkelstein, it was at this point that people with impairments became a distinctly oppressed group, he argues that in phase the use of applied science and the activism of disabled people will end oppression and disability will cease to be viewed in individualistic or medical terms (Barnes, 1997). mayhap the growth of the internet and websites like BBC Ouch mark the beginning of this phase. Oliver (1990) also discusses capitalism and disability, he applies Marxist ideas about the power of ideology to argue that the values which form the basis of social practice and culture conceptualised disability as a personal tragedy and aided the development of the individual model.Critics of Finkelstein and Olivers materialist analyses of disability argue that they over look the individual experiences of disability, rather than treat disabled people as a homogenous group. The social model needs to be reconceptualised with this in estimate and from a postmodernist perspective which recognises diversity (Shakespeare, 1994, Morris, 1991, Crow, 1992). These writers discuss the prejudiced attitudes towards disabled people through culture, as material explanations fall short in explaining why discrimination exists and how disablist culture produces it. *incom plete*3.5 Media representation of Disability and effects on the audienceThe stereotypical portrayal of disabled people within popular culture is one of the most significant factors contributing to the discrimination of disabled people. Hunt (1966) argues that disabled people represent an other in society and pose a threat to the able-bodied values entrenched in its structure. He describes this threat as being divided into five forms, as unfortunate, useless, different, oppressed and sick (pg. 146). Disabled people are considered unfortunate because of the belief that they are unable to lead a full life. They are useless because they cannot contribute economically, different because they do not conform to normal expectations of a human being and marked out as members of a minority group (pg. 150). Finally, they are oppressed and sick because they do not fit in, for the able-bodied, normal world we are representations of many of the things they most fear- tragedy, loss, dark and the u nknown contact with us throws up in peoples faces the fact of affection and death in the world (pg. 155-156). Hunts arguments about the way disability is understood in western culture are applicable today in studying the misconceptions which are reproduced by the media. As discussed in Chapter Two, such misconceptions stem from the beliefs and practices of the past and have become firmly ingrained within society. Disablist attitudes become normalised through a process of social learning (Barnes, 1991) however, the extent and nature of this process is open to debate and many argue that there is no real way of sharp how he media influences perception. There have been many studies which have investigated the cultural portrayals of disability, some examples follow.3.5.1 Disabling imagery and the media by Colin Barnes.The focus of this study is the portrayal of disabled people in the media and its stereotypical nature. Using secondary data from the content analysis studies of various o rganizations, Barnes (1992) identifies several stereotypes of disabled people produced within the media. These are the disabled person as pitiable and pathetic as an object of violence as sinister and evil as atmosphere or curio as super cripple as an object of ridicule as their own worst enemy as a burden as sexually abnormal , as incapable of participating in community life and as normal (Barnes, 1992, pg 3). Rather than focus on particular aspects of the media, Barnes chose to study all aspects of the media, including the press, radio, television, books and so on. He argues that media depictions of disability contribute to experiences of discrimination in a significant way. He goes on to reiterate that the poverty experienced by disabled people cannot be explained by the traditional model which suggests individual physical or intellectual limitations to be the root cause. It is caused by reactive environments and disabling barriers. Thus disability refers to a complex system of s ocial constraints imposed on disabled people by a highly discriminatory society (Barnes, 1992, pg. 5). As mentioned in Chapter T7wo, stereotypical assumptions about disability stem from the beliefs and practices of earlier times, they are embedded in the very structure of society and are expressed in all institutions- ed