Tracking System

IntroductionThe Computer nowadays is a basic need for businesses or companies. Ithelps a lot in such a way that it makes work more progressive and productive. It isan important thing that a company or small business should have because it helps alot in many ways such as organizing, storing and manipulating data. Havingcomputer programs may help a company grow bigger and be competitive in theflow of the business world. The companies nowadays uses computer literate andvery competitive in the business. Our payroll system is basically an application program, used to manage the records of the employees working in the company.The payroll process typically includes calculating employee pay, recording payroll transactions and determining and paying payroll taxes. A company must have in place a timekeeping system that accurately reflects the hours put in by nonexempt employees as well as the regular salary payments for exempt workers. Employers typically withhold federal income tax from emplo yee earnings; at the end of the year, they must report all wages, tips and other compensation paid. Companies also must withhold Social Security and Medicare contributions from employees' wages and pay a matching amount.Statement of the ProblemSymmetrikos Payroll System. It includes these following features Add employees record Edit and delete employees record Save the Pay Slip of each employee Compute the Weekly Salary, Cash advances, the rate per day and deductions such as SSS.Objective of the studyTo minimize the manual checking of each daily time records of the employee To develop a module that will generate essential reports. To develop a module that will monitor the status of employee’s deductions such as cash advances and charges through SSS.Scope and Limitation of the studyThis study limits only to the proposed enhancement Computerized Payroll System of Symmetrikos. A system which can only be accessed by authorized person. It does not support network topology implemen tation, online program or online transaction.ScopesImproved Services – it will increase employee satisfaction thus provide the quality output of their work. Better Performance – It is an objective of our proposed system to provide better performance which is managed by providing Desired flexibility, Fast response and Ability to support changes. Ability to maintain the quality of services Efficient GUI – One of the objectives of the proposed system is to provide a user to work on clicks and make the information transfer possible with the most common I/O devices Elimination Of Running Cost – We are going to develop the proposed system with an objective to eliminate the running cost by overcoming the continuous stationery expenses, manual storage need, and extra staff in the information resource department of the Organization. 2. LimitationsThe system cannot generate report of appraisals and evaluation reports of the employee because it was not included in t he system. The system will only be used for payroll transactions by the company specifically Symmetrikos Construction Firm. It will not be employed in any other company This system will generate more time if the rate of each employee vary differently.

Brand Audit Essay

The sole objective of this brand report is to know about the brand potency of Mobilink in the Pakistani market in comparison to other competing service providers. The other objective is to put a spotlight on the different cellular companies operating in Pakistan and the perception of the users about them. TARGET AUDIENCE: As far as the Mobilink is concerned, it has no specific target audience because it is catering the requirement of all the users through its different packages. Cell phone is a requirement of every one so it also  of several segments whether it is youth, ladies or corporate sector. Brand Positioning  makes sense to launch multiple products to cater to the requirements RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the research methodology is to carry out different methods of research to accomplish the set research objectives pertinent to the brand tracking. For that purpose, a set of questions have been made to inquire and analyze the responses of the  respondents. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The research methodology used in this brand tracking is qualitative as well as quantitative in which we have not only used a questionnaire to know the responses of the respondents of the sample group but also open ended questions asked from a set of respondents at mobilink franchises to get a more flexible response from the respondents. Secondary research methods are also used to get the information regarding the competitors and Mobilink to get to know the market structure and the standing of the cellular companies in it. Triangulation  and secondary research to find the parity in results. SAMPLING DESIGN: The target population belongs to every segment and class of life because cell phone users belong to every class of population and we method is used to cross check the results from qualitative, quantitative  cannot discriminate the target market based on SECs. Subsequently, the sample selection is random and random sampling method is used for sample selection to get the feedback of the users from all the classes. The sample size used for the questioning consists of 250 respondents. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS: The instrument used for the research in this brand tracking activity is primarily a multipurpose questionnaire which comprises of open and close ended questions not only to help in the quantitative research but also in the qualitative research as well. It consist questions pertaining to the brand associations, brand recall, brand image, projective responses and brand values. The reliability of the instrument is measured through the triangulation method by comparing the results of all three research methods. PROCEDURES: The data collection is through the questionnaire from a sample group of 250 respondents. The screening of the information acquired from  entry. All the information from the responses is entered as per the frequency of respondents against the questions. These respondents is done manually using MS Excel as a tool for data. The objective of this brand audit report is to measure the brand potency of Mobilink in line with the competing brands. The specific issues faced by the brand in terms of market conditions, saturation in the cellular market and the overall recession in the economy will also be taken into account while studying the brand. Also, what subproducts fall in the generalized master brand i.e. Mobilink and to which segments these sub-brands are catering to.  When speaking of the target audience for Mobilink, we should keep in mind that in the world of today, cell phone is no longer a luxury as was the case in 90s but now, it has become a necessity for everyone. So when we speak of cell phone target market, we speak of all the socioeconomic classes from A to E. The brand audit is limited to Karachi only because of limited time and resources. But, in order to get a  are covered with a dynamic sample population to get diverse views about the brands so as to get a better and augmented underst anding of the market perceptions about the brands. The approach used for brand audit is mainly the survey through set questionnaire and secondary research methods regarding their inputs on brand imagery & usage, brand recall, brand perception, brand loyalty and brand awareness. BRAND BRAND (SELF ANALYSIS): Pakistan Mobile Communications Limited, better known as Mobilink GSM, is a telecommunication service provider in Pakistan. The company is Pakistan’s leading cellular operator with a subscriber base of 31.5m and market share of 31% in October 2010. Mobilink’s Head office is located at Mobilink House, 1-A Kohistan Road, F-8 Markaz Islamabad. Mobilink’s corporate postpaid package is sold under the brand name â€Å"Indigo† and prepaid by the name of â€Å"Jazz†. Mobilink started operations in 1994 as the first GSM cellular Mobile service in Pakistan by MOTOROLA Inc., later it was sold to Orascom, an Egypt-based group is diversifying its service portfolio by setting up new businesses and also expanding through acquisitions. Recently, they started offering DSL broadband through a wholly owned subsidiary, Link.Net. Additionally, the company has also launched its wireless broadband  service through WiMax based technology under the label of ‘Mobilink Infinity’. Technology is backed by Alcatel, and company is using a ZYXEL Customer Premises equipment. BCG GROWTH-SHARE MATRIX Companies that are large enough to be organized into strategic business units face the challenge of allocating resources among those units. In the early 1970’s the Boston Consulting Group developed a model for managing a portfolio of different business units. The BCG growth-share matrix displays the various business units on a graph of the market growth rate vs. market share relative to competitors. OF  SBUSCLASSIFICATION These packages are low growth, high share products. These established and successful SBUs need less investment to hold their market share. They produce a lot of cash to support the other SBUs that need investment. These packages are low share in high growth markets. They require a lot of cash to hold  their share. Management needs to think hard about question marks it should  try to build into stars or should be phased out.  It is low growth, low share product. It may generate enough cash to maintain itself but do not promise to be large source of cash. PRICING STRATEGY OF MOBILINK: Mobilink was offering Jazz connection for about 3000 rupees 5 years passage of time now Mobilink is offering Jazz connections for about 100 rupees. In 2002 Ufone which is one of the leading competitor of Jazz introduced its prepay connection for about 2500 rupees. In 2005 Telenor came into existence in Pakistani market and offered its connections for about 500 rupees. Then in 2005 Warid also entered the market offering its connections for 250 rupees. In this way price war   ago. Its market oriented statement is â€Å"Aur Sunao† But through the started between these telecom brands in the market. Previously it was Jazz’s oligopoly as they offered their prices. In 2005 Jazz offered a Cellphone plus connection and prepaid card implementing a productbundle pricing strategy for creating more attention and attraction. The major shift in the pricing strategy came in when they started 30.second operations using the promotional pricing strategy. In the early days Jazz was offering its sim-cards for a high-price using captiveproduct pricing strategy as its SIM-card is a main product that must be used along with the cell phone. Initially Jazz’s call rates and SMS charges were also reduced using discount and allowance strategy and initially directing towards promotional strategy as the competition between cellular brands in the market grew faster. Recently Jazz introduced its offerings of 0.99 per minute call rates in their â€Å"happy hour package† which represents their operations with the  promotional as well as psychological pricing of their services. Through its happy hour package they are also operating with promotional strategy as they are engaged in continuous promotion through their offerings. INDUSTRY REVIEWS In the era of globalization and information society, the fundamental role of telecommunication technologies cannot be underestimated. Although tremendous growth has taken place in the Pakistan telecom sector but most of it can be attributed to the cellular growth. Fixed line is still awaiting a takeoff. Similarly Value Added Services have grown introduced in the telecom sector some very positive impact have been observed on the growth of the sector in a short span of time which is expected to continue to grow for at least next five years if the daring investors influx continue as in the last 3 years. Our Industry already has LL (Local Loop), WLL (Wireless Local Loop), LDI (Long distance and but are still a drop in the bucket. Now that the competition has been  International), and ISP (Internet Service Provider) players and WiMax; 3G cellular systems are expected be a part of this Industry soon. The Pakistan market has reached 100 million subscribers landmark with cellular mobile tele density of over 60% (PTA press release Sep 2010).The growth slowed down in 2009 but has picked up again gradually. At 2006 year end the total subscribers were 48.2 million. In June 2007 the total mobile users reached over 63 million. Based on numbers published at PTA website for 2007, the total number of million, a teledensity of nearly 49%. In 2007 the average growth rate was about 2.5 million new subscribers each month! After second half of 2007 it seemed as if the growth had slowed down but overall it was fine. One remarkable achievement was by Zong (formerly Paketl) which  launched  very  successful. Telecommunication Co. Ltd (PTCL), is now under the control of Etisalat group of UAE. It has 20% of subscriber share and added the most lines (2.4 million) from 2006-07. Warid, owned by the Abu Dhabi group of the United Arab Emirates and sister of Wateen group is number 4 with 17.0% market of subscribers. Recently it sold 30% share to SingTel. Norway’s Telenor, a recent entrant with about a billion US dollar investment in Pakistan has been doing well, based on its recent earning report. It has about 24% of the market share. Telenor stock is listed in the Oslo stock market (TEL) and in US (TELNY.PK). CMPak (Zong brand), formerly Paktel, was the latest target of foreign acquisition. After it got acquired by China Mobile it was rebranded as Zong and launched one of the most successful and aggressive  campaigns. Within a matter of few months, Zong has achieved a 8 %  market share. CONSUMER ANALYSIS The Pakistani mobile users are more price-conscious but in cellular sector they also don’t compromise on the quality of voice. So, By taking the advantage of this consciousness of the users mobile operators re enhancing product offering in the form of low rate packages  and  network  expansion  by  installing  boaster. Mobile sector comes under verity seeking buying behavior by the buyer because it occurs under the conditions of low consumer involvement and significant brand difference. In this market, consumer has low involvement they perceive the brand benefits on the basis ultimate objective is to communicate to other at for off place. Buying is initiated by â€Å"communication purpose†. Everybody can enter in to buying process by need of communication. In the regard of this communication media vehicles play an important role in getting their service preferred by the users. These days there is a rush of packages   price, voice quality and coverage. The reason for this is that their  out in the market from the mobile service providers, targeting different market segments and offering all kinds of discounts depending on who you call or when you call. Off-peak timings have always been used by service providers to create interest and to lure customers. So, customer seeks indifference among services provided by these cellular operators and switch according to their desire. Factors that influencing on customer switch age to other operator of mobile network are, Price: Users use services of the operator to communication so on of the factor influencing the customer switch age is price. A person in this segment seeks the prices most important factor and operator of service are also offering verity of packages to make the customer attract. Where the price of any product is low people change their taste and divert towards that low price product. Quality: After the price people prefer quality of voice second because they are paying for the voice if the voice is not clear to them which they are paying for they defiantly they switch to other operators. Coverage: After the quality of voice second available factor for  customer switch age is coverage. Users perceive that the operator’s services are available to them where they visit. If they find signal problem they may switch to more coverage operator in the sectors Promotion: With promoting services that has factor too for consumer switch age. Fierce promotion leads an image in the mind of the consumers that company offers many servers and â€Å"a customer focus company†. MARKET Pakistan currently has one of the largest allies of young people in its history, with approximately 25 million people between the ages of 15 and 24. Target market group of cellular sector ranges from 15 to 64 percent which according to demographic profile of Pakistan consist of 56.9% (male 48,214,298; female 46,062,933) of total population. As in the Buying behavior we have studied that Female and male both contribute into making decision for the purchasing of the brand. So the both genders would be in target market. In spite of this professionals are also Mobilink target audience. The Employment Status categorizes majority (45%) as employees followed by own account workers (42%).  About one in ten workers (11%) are reported as unpaid family workers and one & a half percent as employers. As far changes in the comparative periods, unpaid family workers fall by some fractions, employees indicate some increase while own account workers and employers remain on the same level. In the buying and sales of  rise of urban consumerism, global corporate such as Unilever, P & G, GlaxoSmithline and many small & medium enterprise and local  national companies emerges both manufacture and sell their products Mobilink brand also depends on these customers too. Along with the  in Pakistan. In manufacturing and natural resources, Shell and BP are present in addition to the Pakistani state oil company. Honda, Nissan and  Suzuki are among international automotive manufacturers with plants in Pakistan. Mobilink fulfill needs of these local MNC’s local national and SME’s firms by providing them special service package Brand Inventory COMPETITOR’S ANALYSIS COMPETITIVE COMPARISON MATRIX Bring innovation and VAS and data services to increase revenue Market Growth and industry expansion Threats †¢ Recession in economy. †¢ Rapid change in consumer demand. †¢ Inconsistent and adhoc decisions from regulatory authorities. †¢ Political Instability, Security issues. †¢ Adverse shifts in trade policies of government. †¢ High taxation rate of activation tax is causing a slowdown in consumer growth especially all in rural areas. †¢ Price competition †¢ Larger competitors network coverage †¢ Strong advertisement and media presence of competitors †¢ Entrance of new competitors like Zong. †¢ Presence and the acceptability of competitor brand like Telenor and Ufone Strengths: †¢ Leveraging brand equity from international corporate â€Å"Abu Dhabi Group† †¢ Having modern network capabilities in respect of infrastructure. †¢ Financial strength of share holder and their telecom expertise ‘Warid international† †¢ Large Post paid based generating high ARPU †¢ State of the art IP based contact center and leading data center †¢ It has technical partnering involving â€Å"SingTel†, â€Å"Nokia† and â€Å"Wateen†. Weaknesses: †¢ Need to expand network coverage. †¢ Need to increase brand awareness and improved market positioning †¢ Lack of proactive churn management and stimulate programs to address inactive subscriber Page 20 of 28 Brand Positioning COMPETITORS SWOT MATRIX Low promotional packages activities The product line is too narrow. Strengths: †¢ Subsidiary of PTCL. †¢ Stream line benefit. †¢ Knowledge about country culture. †¢ Experience Variety of †¢ Value Added Service †¢ Broad market coverage. Weaknesses: †¢ Stagnant Profitability †¢ Low market share as compare to competitor (Mobilink). †¢ Overly Dependent on PTCL Strengths: Superior infrastructure & technology in PAKISTAN Have a very strong financial. They have the ability and resources to hire skilled engineers. Large number of Subscriber Weaknesses: Low market share as compare to competitor (mobilink) Limited coverage due to newly introduce in the market Signal problem due to limited network Strengths: World biggest network A product of China Mobile Company. Page 21 of 28 Brand Positioning Leverage financial resource from CMC Experienced administration Weaknesses: †¢ Low market share as compare to competitor †¢ They are unable to improve the network means that they are not using their resources. †¢ There is the diversion of customers towards other brands due to connectivity issue BRAND INVENTORY BRAND ELEMENTS: Brand elements consist of brand name, color, Urls, symbols slogans, sound and jingles through which one brand is differentiated from other brands. Brand Name: Mobilink Urls : http://www.mobilinkgsm.com Logos and Symbols: Slogans: Apna Hai Purple and Whitish Purple CORE BRAND VALUE Page 22 of 28 Brand Positioning Colors: Quality: Mobilink Telecom has an uncompromising commitment to quality in this regard. that is why they spare no efforts in pursuing the best in network‚ services‚ product offerings. Innovation: For years‚ people complained of the same things on mobiles. At coverage‚ they are constantly look to make the communication experience different by doing things in a better way. They already introduced 3G supportable system for being see the need of this in the near future. For seeing the growing trend of SMS usage Mobilink has introduces SMSC-less messaging infrastructure that controls the traffic of SMS and makes sure the delivery of messages without involving pending issues. Customer-Friendliness: They enjoy working and succeeding together by building close relationships. While they have a sense of purpose in their operations‚ they also have a strong culture that demonstrates to customers that â€Å"Reshaping communciation†. Mobilink considers the needs of customers first. Coverage: Mobilink has widest network coverage all over Pakistan. One can find the network if they go to northern areas or remote city of Pakistan Mobilink message are communicated through using all channels of media including building an identity for the corporation and brand, advertising campaigns, sponsorships, media relations (newspaper coverage, press releases, press conference before launching etc), point of sale material preparation (brochures, tariffs, flyers etc), website. Message delivered on electronic media through jingle and using celebrity endorsement. First ever add that comes in the electronic media is symbolize with rain season that bring hope and refreshment and new joy. Now a day it bran message come man through ball to boys who are playing Cricket symbolize that Mobilink is customer oriented and helping the customer in even small mattes. MARKETING PROGRAM Media: Mobilink has always tried to deliver truthful and interesting advertising to its viewers. Through these ads they are trying to convey the message that Mobilink is solely meant for the people’s benefit and convenience. They advertise through Channels like Geo Super Geo, hum TV and through News channels, PTV, ARY and, News 1 TV, Dunya News etc. Print media: Mobilink has designed attractive brochures for their customers. These brochures contain all the necessary information about their package deals and tariffs. Hence, making it easier for the people to know about the general prices and services offered. Sponsorship: Mobilink advertise through sponsorship in Golf matches, Mobilink agreement with PCB and Mobilink and Citi card launch. Also it got sponsorship with Pizza Hut. BRAND ASSOCIATIONS: These are the desired associations which Mobilink wants to create in the mind of customers. Brand Positioning Mobilink Voice Quality Premium Brand Network Coverage

No Child Left behind Policy Review Essay

The No Child Left behind Act, referred to as NCLB was signed into law on January 8th, 2002 during the Bush Administration and was heralded with bipartisan support. It boosted educational spending by the Federal government by approximately 40%. (Carleton University 2008) NCLB’s goal was to attempt to remedy the problem of lack of accountability and school achievement throughout the nation. It was considered a revision of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Educational Act. The aim of the Law is to close the achievement gap and skills between advantaged and disadvantaged students. The government identified a lack of set standards and testing requirements across the country. Some schools were consistently failing to meet the state standards and the students were subjected to that school’s poor performance due to the location of their residence and school boundaries. Parents were left with no choice or alternative nor recourse to transfer their child from a dangerous or poor performing school to a safer or academically successful school. Lack of local and state control over educational funding and programs implemented and used caused inconsistency among school districts throughout the states. Due to budgetary constraints certain schools, usually in disadvantaged areas, fell below the minimum standards with little hope for change. As well, lack of academic accountability on the local and state level was identified as an overwhelming problem that needed to be addressed. The No Child Left behind Law proposes to close the achievement gap between the advantaged and disadvantaged students. Also it aims to target reading skills and gain proficiency by the end of the 3rd grade and for graduates of high school also to reach a certain level of proficiency in all subjects. Another goal of the law is to hire and retain qualified and skilled teachers for the main academic subjects in schools. The population identified and targeted for the No Child Left behind Act is the economically disadvantaged children and parents in certain poor performing and dangerous schools and school districts across the country. This population was impacted favorably in various ways. Through mandatory state wide testing the schools performances were monitored and problematic schools were identified. Additional funding at the local, state and federal levels were allocated for this lackluster schools to supplement more successful learning programs, hire quality and experienced teachers and if the school’s performance doesn’t improve, the parents have the choice to get supplemental tutoring, after school services or transfer to a better school, with transportation provided. The disadvantaged students with limited proficiency in English are identified and given addition help, impacting them positively. The gap between the advantaged and disadvantaged students is projected to narrow. Some of the positives identified of the NCLB Law include steadily increased student test scores since 2002, especially amongst minority students. Higher qualified teachers and professionals are teaching over 90% of the classes in the country and a little less than half a million students have received additional help such as tutoring or been able to transfer to better performing schools. (Carleton University 2008) Possible negative aspects to the No Child Left behind Law exist also. Since states are mandated to test students yearly, some critics claim the teachers are teaching the testing specifics or â€Å"teaching to the test† in order that the children do better. This is not really ensuring that the students thoroughly understand the subject matter. Different state standards have made interpreting the data difficult as well. Another factor that can hinder the success of the NCLB program is the high dropout rate in many states. According to an Alliance for Excellent Education publication, in the United States, every day up to seven thousand students dropout. This is 1. 3 million annually and appears to be an epidemic. These numbers skew the positive results for the NCLB program. This also has a huge impact on many areas in society, such as crime, cycles of welfare, and shortfalls in the economy. If the dropouts of the school year 2009 had indeed graduated high school, they’d earn an addition $355 over their lifetimes. (Education Week 28, no. 34, 2009) Some claim that a very negative factor of the NCLB has been the lack of funds actually received by the states. What they were promised by the government didn’t always materialize. The requirements of No Child Left Behind are extensive. It is implemented by each state annually testing students according to standards they set and adopt. This is required in grades third through eighth each year for the subjects of math and reading. Science is to be tested three times during a student’s career. Each state must comply with determining if a school district and its schools are achieving 100% of students being successful in meeting the standards. Schools are required to have their teachers be highly qualified in the core academic subjects and use scientifically based education programs and proven and tested strategies. Support is given for students who may be in special at risk categories, such as insufficient knowledge of English, homelessness, truancy and etc. The result of each state’s 3rd through 8th grade reading and math testing will be collected, analyzed and recorded carefully. These results are studied at the local, state and federal level and reported accordingly. This will aid educators at each level in identifying the success of the No Child Left behind Law. New goals can be implemented and areas requiring additional attention and help can be addressed. When schools in need of additional improvement are identified then more attention and aid can be properly allocated quickly and efficiently to maximize results and get the school back on track as soon as possible. Also, using a special system with compiled data to track both graduates and dropouts can be shared locally, statewide and at the national level to analyze trends and adjust areas if needed. Thorough state testing with more uniform standards across the nation will result in a greater ability to analyze the success of the NCLB law. Knowing exactly how the schools are performing can result in stronger accountability. The current administration has adjusted some of the original budgets, standards and goals since the original law No Child Left Behind was passed. President Obama hopes to transform the United States into the most competitive workforce and highest number of college graduates in the world by the year 2020. The U. S Department of Education states its mission is: â€Å"It seeks to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access. † (U. S Dept of Education 2010) References

Accounting ASC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting ASC - Research Paper Example An example of these guidelines are those provided by Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) that has within it two methods to recognize revenue for online retailers. One of these methods is the gross method and the other is the net method. Two online retailers that have been used in the examination of these two methods are Amazon and Overstock. ASC guidelines The ASC guidelines recognize two basic accounting methods in the case where one is recognizing revenues. These are the gross method and the net method. The gross method seeks to recognize the total amount of sales that have been made from which any discounts that occur within the time frame opened for discounts are then recorded. These discounts may be accrued in periods. This is where they have occurred in periods that are greater than two accounting periods and where the likely period of payment is not certain. The net method on the other hand records revenue in terms of the net sales that have been made on the product. In th e case where later on the customer decides not to take advantage of any discounts that have been offered then this is recorded as income. Gross method of accounting is one that considers the discounts that may be taken and majorly relies on how good a client is in honoring their obligations to pay. The net method on the other hand looks at the discounts that the customer has not taken advantage of and also on how ineffective the customer may be in honoring their obligations to pay. Amazon Amazon recognizes revenue on its books based on the satisfaction of four factors. The recognition is also dependent on the source of the revenue; this is as to whether it is from direct sales or commissions earned. The four factors considered are that there should be considerable evidence that there is the intent of conducting business. The next is that the goods have been delivered or the service has been rendered. The selling price also has to be determinable and fixed. Finally that the collectio n of the amount is to a certain extent assured. In cases where the price is not easy to determine and Amazon is the primary source of the goods then the net revenue is charged. Subscription fees are recognized as revenues over the life of the subscription. In cases where gift cards have been purchased, they are recognized as revenues when they are used by the customer or when they expire. Amazon is a company that utilizes the net method of revenue recognition. This is evident from the fact that the company recognizes the total revenue that is estimated to stem from any of the transactions that they make netting any promotional discounts that the products may have. This also nets the rebates that the products may attract and the allowance for any costs that may be involved in returning the goods. The recognition of this revenue is also limited to the point where the risk of loss and the title of any product sold have been transferred to the client. Overstock Overstock on the other ha nd has different revenue recognition procedures. They have a customer loyalty program whose revenue is allocated ratably over the period of ownership of the membership card. The revenue from rewards intended for those who are members are recognized when they take advantage of these rewards, when the rewards expires which is usually ninety days after the expiry of membership and when there is a breakage (when the redemption by the customer of rewards is highly unlikely). There have not been any instances of breakage. The revenues from gift cards are also recognized when they are redeemed or when redemption is highly unlikely from experience. It can be seen

Myths about Grammar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Myths about Grammar - Essay Example The structures are not to be taught to the learners, they will acquire them on their own and if they are to be taught then the lessons are expected to be boring. They will be boring because the students will be required to repeat the different models in grammar (Chomsky, 136). Such teaching activities can be boring. This makes it more questionable. However there are different approaches that are communicative and proficiency based that limit the grammar instructions. There are several grammar claims that should be called grammar myths. There is a myth about split infinitives. You might have heard people saying that you are not supposed to use split infinitives. It is one of the many grammar myths that have been contradicting people for quite a long time. It all started with the Latin writers. (Bryan, 270) How the myth of split infinitives began Not to split infinitives is a notion that is mistaken. Latin was a, model in good writing in the 1800s and different writers tried to make English fit in Latin language. The attempt was unrealistic since the Latin infinitive is always one word and there is no way that it can be split. On the contrary, the infinitive has to be split in the English language (House, 54). No matter how awkward and unattractive the split infinitive is, it is never wrong to use them. There is nothing desirable about split infinitives, but according to H.W Fowler he says that when it comes to real ambiguity, then split infinitives are quite useful (Fowler, 768) .Always feel free to use the split infinitives whenever necessary even when it is a clumsy version. An example of a sentence with a split infinitive is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We wanted to immediately leave for the airport†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. This splits an infinitive and is definitely not the right one to use. The other example is â€Å"The committee plans to le gally ban franc disclosures† (LaRocque 61) .This sentence makes it clear that it is necessary to use a split infinitive. A split infinitive A split infinitive is a word that comes in between the particle â€Å"to and the verb. An example of a split infinitive word is â€Å"to go boldly† (Wardhaugh 69) it might seem wrong but then it is not. Split infinitives have been a great controversy among the teachers and the grammar people, but the notion that it is a grammatical myth is a mistake. Henry Fowler the writer of the book Modern English Usage stated that these as superstitions .It is a superstition that has never been legit and different English writers have always been splitting the infinitives ever since the 1300s. The blame has always been put on Henry Alford a Latinist and used to be the Dean of Canterbury in the 19th century. Alford published a book, A Plea for the Queen’s English in 1864 where he declared that â€Å"To† was an inseparable infinitiv e. He probably was influenced by the Latin grammar that infinitive is one word and it can never be split. Like you should not put the word,† Boldly† between an infinitive phrases â€Å"To go-as in â€Å"to boldly go’. This was false. (Alford 171) In the early 20th century the highly respected English writers Henry Fowler, George 0.Curme and many more started explaining that the split infinitive is preferable and accepted. Besides it is hard to split an infinitive, since the particle â€Å"To† is simply a prepositional marker and not part of the infinitive. At times it s never needed. An example like â€Å"She helped me to read† the particle ‘To’ can be dropped. But then because of the grammar myths that still live on, then it becomes difficult for one to drop it. That could explain why it is still in use and considered grammatically correct (Harris, Bruce

Describe the neurophysiological bases of Alzheimers disease Essay

Describe the neurophysiological bases of Alzheimers disease - Essay Example Behavioural symptoms—such as psychosis, agitation, depression, and wandering—are common and impose tremendous strain on caregivers. Diagnosis is challenging because of the lack of biological markers, insidious onset, and need to exclude other causes of dementia. (Mental Health, 1) Dementia is a prominent healthcare issue for primary care physicians and specialist services. Over 90% of patients with dementia experience a â€Å"behaviour disturbance,† often referred to as behavioural or psychological signs in dementia in accordance with the recommendation of the International Psycho geriatric Association. These symptoms are distressing to patients and troublesome to carers and often precipitate admission to residential facilities. What is the evidence that any of the several drugs that are currently used to treat these symptoms are effective? Managing the behavioural and psychological signs of dementia is a major problem for healthcare professionals. Narcoleptic drugs are the mainstay of pharmacological treatment, although their use is justified largely on the basis of clinical anecdote, and they have many harmful side effects. These include Parkinsonism, drowsiness, tardive dyskinesia, falls, accelerated cognitive decline, and severe narcoleptic sensitivity reactions. It is therefore not surprising that the chief medical officer has recommended judicious use of these agents in patients with dementia. In 1990 Schneider published a landmark study showing the paucity of large, placebo controlled, double blind trials of narcoleptic agents in treating behavioural and psychological signs in dementia. Since then research in the subject has increased, but most treatment studies have used an open or active comparison design, a major methodological flaw given the high placebo response rates (40%). Two large multi-centre studies with

Overview of The Republican Theory Research Paper

Overview of The Republican Theory - Research Paper Example The Republican idea of freedom encompasses negative liberty, which in essence, roughly encompasses no interference by other individuals or even at least any interference that may be deemed to have been negligent, sufficiently intentional, indifferent or reckless to count as culpable or blameworthy. The notion of a republican liberty can thus be seen to be negative as is the case with the standard liberal idea. The way republicans perceive freedom has roots which can be traced back to the day of the Roman republic. According to the Romans, the simple fact of one not suffering any interference did not warrant to be considered as liberty, they argued that one could in effect be a slave without any master whatsoever, but still be viewed as not being free. According to the Romans, being free was to be of equal or even full party to the Roman law, a free person was an individual who happened to be protected in the same respect as all other persons by the Roman law and in effect was considered to be wholly incorporated as a citizen into the Roman body politic (Braithwaite & Pettit, 2002). Under the republican theory, a person could be considered to fully enjoy negative liberty if the person happens to be exempted from all the constraints that may happen to be imposed by the blameworthy or intentional actions of others in choosing specific given options. These options may include things such as hobbies which he is able to perform with his own intelligence and strength, in effect, these options are those things that the person is capable of doing without any benefit from any unique circumstances or from any of his colleagues. An individual may be said to enjoy full dominion if the person happens to enjoy the same prospects of liberty as all the other citizens, if it is common knowledge to all that the person enjoys this

Domestic Policies from Two U.S. Presidents Essay

Domestic Policies from Two U.S. Presidents - Essay Example President Bush’s position was ambiguous and did not ban nor reformed the â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy. (Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration, Wikipedia.org)   According to the writer, none of these policies are entirely correct, since the desire to serve the country should not be discriminative based upon the sexual orientation.   Also, none of them were brave enough to overcome the criticism and openly state their opinions on the matter.  President George Bush has set to double the budget of the National Science Foundation over a period of five years, but after three the budget had increase only by fourteen percent.   His administration is also highly criticized for ignoring the scientific advice. (Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration, Wikipedia.org)   On the other hand, Bill Clinton’s Administration launched the first White House Website and ordered the usage of Federal Information Technology in ord er to provide more information to the public. (Clinton Administration, Wikipedia.org)   In the writer’s opinion, the world is advancing at large steps, technology wise, in order to maintain the pace it is necessary to continue modernizing the administration.   Bill Clinton’s policy to open information to the public and to modernize the White House was asserted, necessary and perceivable.   On the other hand, President Bush’s initiative to increase the budget of the National Science Foundation was also asserted but only when the initiative becomes a reality.(Wikipedia.org) Bill Clinton signed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, â€Å"which raised taxes on the wealthiest 1.2% of taxpayers, while cutting taxes on 15 million low-income families and making tax cuts available to 90 percent of small businesses.† (Clinton Administration, Wikipedia.org) President Bush sought three major tax cuts, which

Modernity in Nazi Germany under Hitler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Modernity in Nazi Germany under Hitler - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in the years preceding the World War 1, racial ideologies gained prominence, which claimed that the educational labors of religious and secular-humanitarian representatives were ineffective. Instead, scientific discrimination showed a varied path to progression. This case was more pronounced in the Nazi Germany where academicians applied social Darwinist theories to dismiss the notion that the presumably lower races could be elevated. The question that mostly comes up in the discussion about modernity in Germany is whether the faith in a strange German antimodernism that attained its peak in National Socialism is how the Nazis could have attained political propaganda triumphs, financial recovery, the mobilization of the community and the brilliant military successes or indeed the terror and mass extermination that characterized the regime if they had rejected technological advancements. One strong answer to this question is what came to be known as reactio nary modernism, which categorizes the reunion between the antimodernist, romantic, and irrationalist ideals as well as modern technology as unique to the radical right in both the Weimar Republic and the National Socialism led by Hitler. In bringing together the political reaction with technological advancement the Nazi’s transformed the romantic anticapitalism of the right-wing German far from the backward trend pastoralism and pointed them instead to the confines of a magnificent new order. According to analysts, this conflicting amalgamation of reactionary political thoughts and a contemporary reliance on an influential reason and contemporary means made Nazism feasible. Apart from the area of reactionary modernism, another area where the Nazi party tried to bring modernity was in the area of science. In his opinion, scientist Rudolf Cronau claimed that there was no doubt that there was an existing inequality in the community in as far as races were concerned.

The most important elements of proper Communication in a job interview Essay

The most important elements of proper Communication in a job interview - Essay Example Similarly if you look away while listening it would show lack of interest and a rude and unethical behavior. Facial Expressions: Your facial expressions should be positive enough to encourage the employer for further communication. In case of nervousness do not try to be perceived as arrogant. A smiley face is appreciated everywhere. The employer should be aware of your gladness you have to meet him. You should not reveal a lethargic expression no matter how much exhausted and tiring you are. Posture: A good posture is a key symbol of a fine personality. One should stand straight, walk tall and sit tall. Shoulders should not be bended forward and there should be no slouching. Be sensitive to the body language of the other person. Any inconsistency between verbal and non-verbal behavior is significant and the non-verbal cues generally send the more accurate message as "action speaks louder than words". Gestures: Gestures should go along with your personality, and must be real. Do not use artificial gestures to highlight the importance of the issue. One should not use a speech with too many "uh's", "ur's"or "hms". Space: One should recognize the boundaries between personal space and that of others. If you are typical of most Americans, it ranges between 30 and 36 inches. Be prepared, however, not to back up or move away from someone who has a personal space that is smaller than your own. Hang in there, take a deep breath, and stand your ground. For most of us, merely the awareness of our personal space is enough to consciously prompt us to stand firm when speaking with someone. If you have a smaller than average personal space, make sure you keep your distance so that you do not intimidate someone who possesses a larger personal space. (The most important interview nonverbals, College Grad.com, themostimportantinterviewnonverbals.htm) Confidence- The key to success Be yourself. Confident people inspire confidence in others; one has to appear confident in order to make others realize that he is suitable enough to do the job. Interviewees are usually nervous and therefore they become self absorbed and self-conscious, which takes their attention off the job at hand and onto themselves. Be careful to avoid showing signs of nervousness such as scratching, drumming fingers, playing with a pen etc. Everyone possesses some weak points, which make the person loose his confidence at an interview. It is the aim of the prospective employer to play oral communication tricks to you and make you reveal all those weak points which are sufficient to make a person feel unconfident and insecure enough to perform the job, so no matter how weak you are, never impose yourself loose confidence in a job interview. (Impact Factory, Job Interview Techniques, http://www.impactfactory.com) Communication Skills Effective communication skills are needed in most jobs on an everyday basis, your tone should be refined and one should not talk too fast, slowly, loudly or softly. Verbal patterns should be followed like an impressive speech pattern, ability to act naturally, very focused and articulated thinking. It seems very unethical to interrupt the employer. Be attentive and

MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM CHANGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM CHANGE - Essay Example The advantage is in terms of faster communication and effective information processing, which all becomes possible when firms have diversified information management systems (Dupouet 2013, pp. 6-15). Theoretical View According to modern business theorists, modernisation has brought volatile environments for businesses. Such environments are trendy and hence demand change in the organisation systems. The ability to adjust to the change has become prerequisite (Nowduri 2010). Without modification the firms cannot progress or even survive in the globalised business order. According to Bate’s study in 1994, there are two levels of organisation change: incremental and transformational (Macredie et al. 2005). The incremental change is stage-wise and is based on minor modifications just as change of an information system, processes or structure. Transformational change is radical and depends on the level of incremental change achieved within the organisation system (Marco 2012, pp. 2 20-229). Changing the information setup is a part of the organisation change process and to implement it, there are several issues that organisations have to address (Clarke 2012, pp. 79-81). This report will bring insight into theMIS change process in terms of two organisational setups including NHS (National Health Service) and Amazon. This is to bring a clear viewpoint on information system change by having a practical example of organisations presently operating. Information System Change in Amazon DATA Amazon is a leader in electronic sales and retail works on electronic data and information (Matthews 2012). The company has acquired electronic modules to manage customer based data. The nature of data is electronic, for which Amazon administrators utilise the excessive content management process (Soderstrom 2012). The reliance is highly on e-commerce and electronic management systems where information is spread to appear for international customers and the market. Amazon being a true market seller has brought diversified data management systems (K Laundon & J Laundon 2012, pp. 4-20). To manage online service activities, the enterprise has deployed advanced communication networks. These activities include site management, communication, interaction, flexible merchandising and transaction processing, which all have become possible by Amazon’s online information management system (Gorman 2012). The enterprise works on self-deployed information systems, and also has acquired commercial licensed systems for extensive information processing. This is all to ensure effective data management and communication, which are essential features of Amazon as an international business organisation (Gorman 2012). The real and most apparent change brought by Amazon was its transition from a small business enterprise into a large data holding corporation. It was all because of modifications made on the information side and in the World Wide Web business. Keeping data o f million customers at one time were not possible if Amazon had not planned its e-commerce activity. To organise the e-commerce operation, Amazon deployed an international data management mechanism (Pratt & Adamski 2011, pp. 1-30). This managed data of millions of customers at one time of operation and at a single time of retrieval. All of this was done in short time and with a maximum coverage of benefits. The design

Dental Amalgam and the Risks Essay Example for Free

Dental Amalgam and the Risks Essay What is amalgam? Amalgam is a combination of metals that has been used in dentistry for more than 100 years. It is still commonly used today. Although it sometimes is called silver amalgam, amalgam actually consists of a combination of metals. These include silver, mercury, tin and copper. Small amounts of zinc, indium or palladium also may be used. How safe is amalgam? Many studies on the safety of amalgam fillings have been done. In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluated this research. It found no reason to limit the use of amalgam. The FDA concluded that amalgam fillings are safe for adults and children ages 6 and above. Why is mercury used in amalgam? Mercury is used in amalgam because it helps make the filling material pliable. When it is mixed with an alloy powder, it creates a compound that is soft enough to mix and press into the tooth. But it also hardens quickly and can withstand the forces of biting and chewing. Why the concern about mercury in amalgam? Everyone is exposed to mercury through air, drinking water, soil and food. Concerns have been raised, for instance, about the amount of mercury building up in fish as a result of pollution. Mercury enters the air from industries that burn mercury-containing fuels. Mercury from all sources can build up in body organs. As with most substances, the degree of harm caused by mercury in the body is related to the amount. Very low levels dont cause any ill effects. At higher levels — for instance, when workers are exposed to mercury through their jobs — mercury can cause several symptoms. These include anxiety, irritability, memory loss, headaches and fatigue. Studies have shown that the amount of mercury you are exposed to from your fillings is less than the amount that most people are exposed to in their daily environment or in the food they eat. Do some people have reactions to amalgam? In rare cases, people have allergic reactions to the mercury in amalgam. The American Dental Association says that fewer than 100 cases of this type of allergy have ever been reported. People allergic to amalgam can receive other filling materials. Should pregnant women be concerned about amalgam feelings? Research has not shown any health effects from amalgam fillings in pregnant women. However, mercury can cross the placenta. In general, dentists advise pregnant women to avoid unnecessary dental care. Women should not get amalgam fillings during pregnancy. Dentists can suggest other materials for any pregnant woman who needs a cavity filled. If amalgam is safe, why does my dentist take precautions when handling it? Because dentists work with mercury almost every day, they must take safety precautions. Without protection, dentists can inhale mercury vapors. Over time, this exposure can produce symptoms of mercury toxicity. How is dental amalgam made? To make dental amalgam, dentists mix liquid mercury with a powder containing silver, tin and other metals. Dentists buy special capsules that contain the powder and the liquid mercury, separated by a membrane. They use special machinery to puncture the membrane and mix the amalgam while it is still in the capsule. Once mixing is complete, the capsule is opened. By the time the amalgam is placed in your tooth, the mercury has formed a compound with the other metals. It is no longer toxic.

Western Lowland Gorilla Essay

Western Lowland Gorilla Essay

Cyber Terrorism Poses Threat to National Security

Cyber Terrorism Poses Threat to National Security Terrorism has relocated from the traditional world to the cyber world. Terrorism has entered a new age where a combat zone has emerged in cyberspace. The health, wealth and security of nations such as the United States of America is in jeopardy as critical infrastructures are targeted by terrorists through cyberspace to bring terror to the nation. Cyber terrorism has made terrorists to be more vibrant and less suicidal: there is now no need for travelling long distance with explosives, chemical and biological weapons that might put their lives in danger. This research paper aims to outline reasons behind terrorism relocating to cyberspace, how terrorists intend to use cyberspace to bring terror and the advantages that cyberspace has given them. Traditional tools of terrorism are often regarded as a one step forward and two steps back method as traditional tools are sometimes suicidal and their destination might not be reached. Cyber terrorism is thus a stepping stone for terrorists as they can destroy, hack into systems, alter information and their attacks cannot always be anticipated. Accordingly, this research focuses on how cyber terrorism poses a threat to national security. Based on this threat several aspects of national security espionage will be outlined. Information about economic espionage will be discussed where the economic intelligence is under threat of cyber terrorists. Information warfare will be touched on for example how television and radio transmission can be hijacked and the leakage of sensitive information be used to sabotage stock exchange. Cyber warfare will also be covered to see how cyberspace is used to target the military operations and its facilities. In conclusion, types of cyber terrorism groups that target national security will be discussed. Statistics on cyber terrorist threats will be looked at and ways to stay safe from those types of threats. Introduction Cyber terrorism has been defined in many ways but the main objective is to bring terror by the use of cyberspace. Terrorists have found a comfortable and much safer environment to launch their attacks. Cyberspace has become a training ground, recruitment and training agency, a meeting place and a marketing tool for terrorists. Cyber terrorism causes great discomfort to national security as terrorist organisations, foreign governments, criminal organisations and individual hackers develop new ways to attack critical infrastructures, the military and the government. Cyber terrorism tools has made cyberspace to be the head-quarters for terrorists. Cyber terrorism has become the new weapon of mass destruction for terrorists where their cyber attacks may go unnoticed or at the time of notice, the response time may be limited. Cyber terrorism has given terrorist reason of attacking national security at any given as cyberspace is more advantageous than traditional methods. National security is said to be the requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of economic, military and political power. The greater the capacity national security has of holding sensitive information and trade secrets, the greater the capacity to feel pain from cyber terrorists. Now the national security needs to protect the survival of the nation state and also its survival from terrorists attacks. Since well national security cannot fight cyber terrorism on its own they are agencies such as the National Security Agencies (NSA), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) which help national security fight cyber terrorism. Cyber terrorism if not challenged head on will cause great deal of damaged terrorists relocated to cyberspace after seeing an opportunity that military power in not that dominant in cyberspace. In cyberspace terrorists have privileges of launching an attack at any time with no fear or doubt that it might not succeed or reach the designated area. Cyber terrorism is a trial and error method if the attack did not succeed u can try again mot like traditional method where as if u failed its either you die or end up in jail. Cyber terrorism takes many forms. One of the more popular is to target national security which is taken to be national security espionage. National security espionage ranges from economic espionage to information warfare and cyber warfare. Cyber terrorism stats show that every year enormous amount of money is lost due to cyber terrorism, cyber terrorists target critical infrastructures for making money or they fundraise in cyberspace to raise funds for attacks. Cyberspace has given terrorists a free way of launching their attacks we may fare for the worst as everyday terrorists manage to recruit and train its own army of terrorists the various number of available cyber terrorism tools has to the level of terrorism to an advanced level. We may ask ourselves if the world will ever be ready for a full length cyber terrorism attack. Where will the attack hit and will it be detected in time to respond to the attack? Background Cyberspace has become a combat zone The relocation of cyber terrorists from traditional tools to cyberspace has established a much safer and comfortable environment for terrorists to launch their attacks. In the process their relocation has triggered a robust and dangerous war, this war if fought between national security and cyber terrorists. The battleground has being set in cyberspace, Nation states have created cyber-warfare units, this unit will be known as USCYBERCOMM which is headed by Keith Alexander. Richard Clark said at the RSA conference China and Russia are stealing petabytes of information he also said that the government of China and Russia are successfully engaging in daily activities of stealing anything worth stealing and the United State government and private industry are not stopping them. Terrorists seek to harm the survival of the nation, harm the economy and target critical infrastructures of regions they are targeting. The survival of the national security might be left in shambles if a full scaled cyber attack may be launched against them. Although terrorists have not successfully launched a substantial cyber attack, the threat is there and grows bigger and bigger with every small cyber terrorism attack. With this small cyber attacks, cyber terrorists are gaining more experts and experience. A que stion may come to mind why are terrorists launching these weak attacks? What is the bigger picture that they are trying to painting? Will the answer to this question be that they are trying to find loop holes in systems to be targeted? We will never know until that time comes. National security depends on military power for security but the military is not dominant in cyberspace as it is dominant on surface land and in the sea. Military have limited resources to take on cyber terrorism. Terrorists seek to attack through cyberspace where their attacks have the potential to reach the destination originally targeted simply because the line of defence is not that powerful. Cyber attacks cannot be anticipated, they are no radars to track incoming attacks in cyberspace. Targeting critical infrastructures The move of terrorists to cyberspace has left the world in shivers as the world depends on critical infrastructures for survival and making earns meat. Targeting national security will reduce the ability of protecting the nation; if the ability of protecting the world is reduced terrorists can strike in ways that we cannot image. People are not safe in their homes as gas pipelines pass under their houses cyber terrorists can cause a major gas pipe line burst of regions they are targeting the terror of September they 11 may be relived with the use of pipelines this time. Advantages of cyber terrorism Cyber terrorism is much safer than traditional tools; cyber terrorism has made terrorists to be lee suicidal. Terrorists can cause greater damage at less risk of being caught in the crossfire. Recruitment, teaching and fundraising is simple, they can recruit people make a lot of money in a short space of time. They is no need for terrorists to travel long distance with biological weapons and bombs, attacks can be made remotely from anywhere in the world. Their attacks cannot be anticipated can cause great impact. No check points to go through for terrorists to reach their destination. Cyber terrorism is cheaper than traditional methods. National security espionage National security espionage can be defined as the use of cyberspace by terrorists to penetrate national security systems to try and steal critical information, trade and government secrets and target critical infrastructures. National security protects the nation through the use of economic, military and political power. Cyber terrorists seek to exploit the fact that national security holds sensitive and dangerous information which can harm the survival of national security and the well being of the nations. National security espionage can take many forms which ranges from economic espionage to information warfare and cyber warfare here is an overview of the three types of national security espionage which are mentioned above: Economic espionage Economic espionage also known as industrial espionage is known as the use of cyberspace by under developed countries, commercial or industrial enterprises to gain information of trade secrets which are not available on open channels. Cyber terrorists target Europe and the United States of America as they posses power in the market areas, they have top companies and they are fully developed. Types of cyber terrorism groups that cause terror to national security They are various types of cyber terrorism groups, but the one which cause great deal of panic is those that target national security being for political purpose, industrial espionage or cyber warfare. Whatever the target may be towards national security, the outcome of the attack will be enormous. Groups like: The Osama bin Laden Crew This is a group of cyber jihadists which was found in the year 2000 by Abdullah Quraischi. Al-Qaeda Cyber terrorism tools and techniques The biggest tool for terrorists has become the internet. The internet is an immeasurable digital library, anything about any organisation can be found in the internet. Terrorists use various tools in cyberspace to bring harm, they use tools like: Distribution Denial of Service (DDoS) This is an attempt of denying services, making computer resources not to be available to the intended users. Sniffers Sniffers are used to get passwords of systems (spying of passwords). Rootkits(Musk intrusion) Rootkits are utilities installed in a victims machine to ensure that a cracked system remains available to the intruder. Rootkits are difficult to trace as the system will work as its being working before. Network Analyzers (SATAN) Spoofing (smurfing) Worms Worms are programs which makes copies of itself and copies to other computers trough out the network. Trojan Horses Is the software program which runs on the victims machine and can run secretively BackDoor Backdoors allows hackers to enter systems again at a later stage without being noticed Botnet (zombie army) Botnets are malicious softwares which runs automatically on computers which are hacked.

Employment Law Essay examples -- Law

Introduction In many countries the state’s role in employment relations is not something that can be ignored. The state, which is characterized by a set of institutions made of the executive, legislature, the judiciary, the local government and the police, is a system of political domination that exercises power with the legitimate usage of violence, money supply and taxation. The presence of the state in any aspect of life of its citizens is pervasive, whether it is through macroeconomic policies or its role as an employer or even through legislation. In the capitalist world we live in today the state cannot be left out in any aspect pertaining to its citizens. The state (government) is applying policies on the basis that other participants in the employment relations system (employers and the trade unions) cannot manage to take control of all the aspects involved in the work system (Palmer, 2007). Since the federal elections of 2004, the policy of industrial relations issue has been all over. The competing goals of the employees and employers are evident through the trade unions and third parties. The managements’ objectives are paramount with regards to market efficiency with limited space for other interests. Therefore, curtailing trade unions’ activities and setting tribunals to regulate conditions and wages in the name of free markets is increasing. The states talks of advocating for democracy, having limited interventions s as to bring about industrial harmony in certain sectors of the economy, but in practice it has intervened in almost all the sectors of the economy (Adams, 200 ). This therefore begs the question, should the state play an intervening role in employment relations, and if so, to what extent and why? .. ...the sectoral and national interests are integrated to increase productivity. The collective bargaining system should also be independent to develop a more equitable and balanced tripartite relationship (Adams, 2001). Works Cited Adams, J. (2001) .Comparative Industrial Relations: Contemporary Research and Theory. London: Harper CollinsAcademic. Creighton, B. & Stewart, A. (2005). Labour Law. Annandale: The Federation Press. Dunlop, T. (1998). Industrial Relation Stystem.New York: Holt. Keller, K. (2001). The Role of the State as Corporate Actor in Comparative Industrial Relations: Contemporary Research and Theory. London: Harper Collins Academic. Ozaki, M. (1999). Negotiating flexibility: the role of the social partners and the state. London: international Labour Organization. Palmer, G. (2007). Employment Relations. New York: Macmillan Education.

Essay --

Creative Analysis & Solutions value of businesses SYSTEM REQUEST - CENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR ELECTRONIC RESERVATION AND BILLING Business Need: This project has been initiated to replace the existing paper based reservation and billing system with the centralized system for electronic reservation and billing of the customers to provide the best personalized service to the target customers. Executive Summary: Currently we are in a project initiation phase. Following is the list tasks we will be doing throughout the project tenure. We have got approval from Mr. Jim and Mrs. Marlene Dodge, owner of this project for the system request. Based on the assumptions we have made en economic feasibility chart. Tasks associated with the project in each phases: Phase Tasks Deliverables Explanation Project Initiation 1. Create Project Charter Project Charter It is an official document from the sponsor. It describes the mission of the team and how to accomplish that mission. 2. Complete feasibility analysis Constraints and Assumptions Feasibility Analysis determines whether to go forward with the project or not. It also covers the risks associated with the project which is very important to understand before the approval of the project. This is the most important deliverable of the initiation phase. Following areas will get covered in Feasibility Analysis. a] Technical Feasibility: Deals with the risks associated with the use of applications and technologies while the project is going on. It's always risky if we use an unfamiliar application or technology. ... ... 1 1 6 10 13 12 13 14 18 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 38 29 38 39 48 34 48 49 50 49 49 49 51 52 52 References: 1] Systems Analysis and Design - Dennis. Wixom. Roth 2] www.google.com 3] http://www.tryonassoc.com/pdffiles/Task%20List%20-%20Project%20Management.pdf 4] http://www.ofm.wa.gov/ocio/pmframework/initiation/planning/schedule.asp

Period Herbal Medicine

The present researcher grew up in southwestern Nigeria, as an elementary school pupil in the late 1970's, to the consciousness of the advertisement of herbal medicine at strategic locations such as roadsides, markets and motor parks in major towns and cities where the attention of passers-by could easily be attracted. A major channel of reaching the prospective consumers at such settings was the suspension of blaring loudspeakers on the top of stationary vehicles.Although this advertising channel still subsists, a new trend in the advertisement of herbal medicine in modern times is the aggressive marketing drive in both the print and electronic media. Commenting on this, Komolafe (1998:  71) writes: http://www. rsc. org/chemistryworld/Issues/2007/May/ChineseMedicineWesternPackaging. asp (accessed January 25, 2008). Mr Botwe said such unauthorised advertisements, contravened the Food and Drugs law of 1992.He was particularly, concerned that in recent times, such adverts have taken d ifferent forms to outwit the Board's process of approval, and are for instance, read as part of announcements, or for sponsoring some radio programmes. The Chief Executive expressed regret that some adverts approved by the Board were also altered, while others advertise other uses for their herbal drugs, other than those approved by the Board. According to him, the results of the investigation would enable the board to take regulatory actions, including request for the revision of product information and condition of use, and withdrawal where ModernGhana. om Women Period Pain Treatment with THE TOLE's Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine. | Usually it is enough just to avoid taking all the cold element food and drinks. When the pain is persistence you have to take our special † Period Herbal Medicine† . It will smoothen the â€Å"Qi† flow in the womb and uterus and warming the organs. It will strengthen the total â€Å"Qi† energy in your body giving you strength and energy in your daily life. It usually takes 30 to 60 days for good recovery from the Period Pain Problem.Many have been treated and others are still going through our treatment. Its a very common problem. ( thetoleherbal. com)| Hypertension Herbal Medicine Health Site | Many substances from herbal nature can be taken as supplement to maintain the health of the circulatory system and prevent heart disease and hypertension. They may also be an adjunct to treatment for those with moderately elevated blood pressure readings. .( thetoleherbal. com)| | |   | | |An alternative or herbal medicine manufacturer develops, tests, produces and markets alternative medicines that are available over the counter as alternatives to prescription medications. Many herbalists or alternative medicine manufacturers believe that herbal and natural medications are safer, more effective and less addictive than prescription medications. Herbal medicine manufacturers are not governed by the same rules a nd regulations as pharmaceutical companies so they can often market products that cost significantly less than the prescription medications.An herbal or alternative medicine manufacturer must be competitive in the marketplace. He or she must use pure, high quality ingredients and herbs, careful monitor production for safety and health reasons, as well as do their own marketing, advertising and testing. Many herbal manufacturers use rigorous testing to ensure the quality of their product but some manufacturers do not. Understanding the various laws regarding labeling, advertising and marketing of herbal medicines is very important for the manufacture.Some herbal manufacturers may use universities and other testing and research centers to help the public understand the benefits of the product. (jobprofiles. org) Using herbs to benefit from its medicinal or therapeutic value is commonly known as herbal medicine. Chemical substances contained in the herbal plants can be induced to act u pon the body of the person consuming it. Humanity has known of this form of healthcare based on herbs since ancient times. History is replete with details of cultures benefiting from herbal medicines.It played a vital role in the progress of modern civilization. The early primitive men discovered that the herbs provide not only a cure but also food, shelter and clothing. Read more: http://www. articlesbase. com/advertising-articles/herbal-medicine-for-a-modern-world-51540. html#ixzz17QG7QfRt Under Creative Commons License: Attribution Ascof cough syrup’s main ingredient was the Lagundi leaves. This leave as its main component has proven to be really effective and I found many testimonials all over the net about its help for curing coughs, fever and sometimes even toothaches.This Ascof medicine has many other variants, produced by Altermed; they have Ascof tablets and teas too. This product, since it is new in the market and is not yet very popularly known is always available in drugstores and small pharmacies. With the wonderful and effectiveness of this product, we always make sure we have a bottle ready at home for my niece, who always experience coughs due to too much eating of chocolate. We do not have to worry too about her taking in this medicine because it is herbal. ( reviewstream. com)

English Should be Declared the Official Language Essay

In unseas iodined-fashioned years, the the Statess ability to lick cultural variety and political single has been ch eachenged at new level. The influx of immigrants from Asia, Africa and Latin America has brought changes in the character of some natives and accelerated de objet dartds for g all overnment activity services in their own actors lines. The aspect of linguistic diversity has in fact sparked insecurity slightly countryal unity and raiseed a tramp designed to make position the formal wording in the unify States (Inhofe and Munoz 1). fasten in the politics of expression and in particular devising side the functionary speech in coupled States is the deeper contest of American identity and means of preserving it. Ensuring a ordinary functionary lecture create and commit the assembleations of case unity, on top of enhancing heathen harmony. Policymakers and some American citizens piss responded to this disclose in various ways.Court decisions, a dministrative regulations and federal fair play of natures possess always lucky the ultimate use of otherwise actors lines in public offices, but most citizens feel favored position lyric as a valued symbol of American nationhood worthy being established and defended for (Zehr 23). Pros of side as authoritative United States phraseology Although lawmakers in the United States have lingered on deciding on endowing side of meat with a special effectual status, it was assumed that a viridity row would develop in America.To affirm this hypothetical assumption, linguistic researchers systematically found stunned that the typical figure of linguistic process usage among the immigrants to America shifted from non-side in the first generation of immigrants to use of the galore(postnominal) voice communications in their surrounding neighbors in the indorse generation and the reverted to slope in the tertiary generation (bookworm 1).This was because speaking incline was the lone(prenominal) way to cope up for the new immigrants to adequately adapt to the society they found in America, increase their earning potential, for students to succeed in schools, and eventually enhance their future go options in the land of galore(postnominal) opportunities. The immigrants and their posterity learned English not because the law forced them to due to the reason that apprizeing English was a precursor to service them get ahead in America.The line of devising English the United States decreed language is founded on the believe that the constancy of the American institutions and values heavily depended on cultural homogeneity. The Americas citizens and courts have sent clear message that slew should unite behind a common appointed language and especially English which has been grasped by the majority and help foster American values that appreciate one another in that cultural diversity.By parcel the immigrants learn the authoritative language would ensure that the services from political science institutions be accessible to all and by reference point would enable save taxpayers money ab initio employ to cater for those services of an vocalization (Gillespie 1). Looking at the bigger picture, bilingualist systems like in education pick out special services which prove to convey a lot of money and more(prenominal) so create segregation on social groups against the values exertioned to be achieved in the American dream (Inhofe and Munoz 1).Lets look at the render in this thought suppose an employer wanted to shoot for employees of different native languages what would he or she do? Having that common language is a major boost as allone would endeavor to just be literate in it and break the barriers of language (Cincinnati 1). Training race in their native language narrows the perspective to ethnic level and would mean a lot of trainers- uncalled-for expense of the company.On the issue of language rights, which ar mostly demanded by ethnic minorities, they atomic hail 18 symbolic instruction of their continued attachment to their original cultures. In the context of international atomic issue 18na, populate have started thinking globally the revival of ethnic consciousness does not anchor considerably with postering that international standards and more specific the forethought of national unity (Inhofe and Munoz 1). Maintaining the ethnic lines brings round unrest and polarization as undergo in most parts of the world.United States is the giganticest nation on creation and ensuring preservation of English as the prescribed language would be a great feat of achievement for it would ease out discrimination in offices which occur because mountain cannot be understood or ar discriminated simply because they cannot speak a authentic language. Inhofe and Munoz ( 1) point out a Zogby worldwide Poll established that eighty-five per centum of the sampled expressed their s upport for making English as the language that should be used in all government operations. surprisingly overly, seventy-one percent of the Hispanics surveyed, were for the idea of making English as the official language in United States. This positivism has besides been expressed in other canvas and call for the implementation of bill that gives English the legal status as the official language and so in that respect is no reason whatsoever to offer government services at extra cost in foreign languages. In sociable feat the Pledge of Allegiance and the field of study Anthem through English level the patriotism in bringing the nation together in the spirit of sacramental manduction the American Dream.Cons of English as Official United States Language The demographic and political changes that began in America in the mid-sixties opened an era of clash over language. It was the blacks who emphasized the values of ethnic speciality and solidarity in the use of their native la nguages and other groups followed. Alleviating English to the status of English has all along been perceived as a way of weakening the groups ethnic heritage, where activists especially Hispanics have furnish that language rights are constitutional privileges that be to be observed in the law (Gillespie 1).This in fact advocated that the United States government should move beyond toleration minority languages in the private arena to promoting bilingual languages in its institutions. This has always remained as the biggest nemesis to ensuring that English is made legally the official language in the United States. gibe to Inhofe and Munoz (1) another reason that has been a receive spine in ensuring English is legal recognized as the official language in America is because there are other languages that are also speak by a considerable number of slew like the Spanish.Spanish is utter to be mouth by over forty million Hispanics in the United States at work, at homes and in their passing(a) lives. Inhofe and Munoz (1) argue that by virtue of making English as the official language and relieving the government role of assisting non-English speakers and this could spell point to those who cannot quickly learn English. It is agreed that people can learn English and money can be devoted to helping non-English speakers learn but the trick comes in passing a law that would as if by magic expect people learn forthwith may proof to be surd (Cincinnati 1).Minority activists have all along supported cultural maintenance programs that teach children subjects in English and their native language in their education. The concept celebrates the multicultural world of identity in America and in the process celebrates ethnic consciousness. The symbolic greatness considerably undervalues the English language on the specter of accepting the bicultural approach, where the culture of a group is embedded in their language (Zehr 23).Cincinnati ( 1) argues that the U nited States has never declared an official language because of the drawbacks that are faced in trying to do so and many people have tried without lots success. In 1780, a congress man John Adams proposed to the congress for English to be made the official language, but he received much criticism where the intention was deemed as threat to individual emancipation and undemocratic. Over the years whenever the debate arose, there have been people on both sides (Scholastic 1). Only twenty-seven states have officially made English their official language others remaining in the dark.Others people are opposed to the stand of making English official language simply because their calling of translation would be affected as learning English for Spanish people they can understand and translate the manuscripts themselves (Cincinnati 1). Scholastic (1) points out that the estimates according to a U. S. English Inc. , a group that is a counselor of declaring English as the United States o fficial language, there are close to 322 languages spoken by the citizens in the country. Twenty-four of these languages are spoken almost in every state.Statistics has it that Wyoming has the fewest languages fifty-six in number while California State has the highest, both hundred and seven in total. Cincinnati ( 1) powerfully argues that because the U. S is a nation of immigrants as rightly proved by the numbers, declaring English as the official language would be impeachment of the individual rights for those incapable of speaking English, who on the other hand pay taxes and should be served their languages notwithstanding. Gillespie (1) reminds us that when the question of language comes up many argue that it is aimed at dividing as it has remained a hot button to touch. umteen politicians argue that immigrants have been coming to America and have consequently contributed without holding back to the nation and eventually working to implement their dreams of better lives for t heir families and themselves. For this reason declaring English as an official language these immigrants would turn their backs on the American common dream. Conclusion The many reasons brought forth strongly propose that English should be made the official language of the United States. On the other hand, legal opposition on the issue also comes up, bearing weight which should be negated at policymakers peril.English as the official language has many benefits to offer to the American citizens and the national unity at large. Homogeneity in language would cut down unnecessary costs encountered in the education and in judicial courts not forgetting polarization of the ethnic groups overtly felt and seen around the world. Moreover, it would be a plus in enhancing perceptual constancy of the American institutions. The pros override the cons and supporting English as official language in the U. S would bring more benefits than the demerits expressed.

Workplace Incivility

Select and complete unmatchable (1) of the following assessments from your text Box 8. 2 work Incivility Scale I selected this exercise since my judicature recently had a change in lead at the highest levels. I thought to compare/ furrow the Incivility Scale under the old and youthful-sprung(prenominal) regimes. I concentrated on my interactions with my superiors. Old leaders New Leadership Put you down or was condescending to you? Yes. This was a frequent position at faculty No. meetings Paid little charge to your statement or Yes. This was a frequent occurrence at staff No. showed little busy in your opinion? meetings make demeaning or derogatory remarks about you? No. The boss ever so separated his passe-partout No. feelings from personal iodines.He frequently would question you professional competence, further would non cross the line into a personal attack. turn to you in unprofessional terms either Yes. This waits to be at odds with the ab ove No. publically or privately? statement, but these did not seem to be a personal attack. Ignored or excluded you from professional No. This does not unfeignedly try for in my situationNo. This does not really apply in my situation camaraderie? because of the differences in ranks. because of the differences in ranks. Doubted your judgment on a question over which Yes. Was very vocal about it during staff Yes.This still occurs at staff meetings, but you pack responsibility? meetings. with a different tone. It is not so much a doubt in judgment, but more of an are you sure second check. Made unwanted attempts to draw you into a No. We never had this sort of relationship. No. We never had this sort of relationship. raillery of personal matters? As can be seen above, on that point have been a wholesale change in the leadership style in my geological formation. Everyone that has been promoted to a leadership position has had to attend at to the lowest degr ee one Leadership Continuum (more likely, he has attended at least five). One of the core concepts that is taught is the theory to Praise in Public, Shame in Private. It has constantly amazed me how more leaders never picked up on that lesson. I try to embrace that lesson with my subordinates in all of my interactions. With the new leadership in place, we seem to produce the same output as before, but with a high morale level. The new boss still challenges your professional judgment to keep you on your toes, but it is action in a far less confrontational manner. In conclusion, It seems as if the Incivility Scale for my organization has shifted significantly in the civil direction pic

South America vs. North America

Audrey Hepburn certify 4, 2013 Mr. miller AP U. S. directway line relationship s bug outheast vs. sum 1800-1850 FRQ In malice of sacramental manduction a ground, the Union and grey areas of the States had galore(postnominal) differences and distinctions, which terminate up dividing the nation. During the counterbalance subroutine of the 1800s the magnetic conjugation and the southward grew in distinguishable ways. In the northeasterly, cities were centers of wealthiness and manufacturing. at that place were some an(prenominal) ingenious elaborateers. In the southern on that point was not some(prenominal) manufacturing. thither were not to a greater extent dexterous workers. or so of the nation were uttermostmers. bullion came from woodlet crops, give care cotton fiber wool wool plant wool, and buckle d take inry was a study minute of their miserliness.Their several(prenominal) societies were similarly divers(prenominal). The pointedne ss amongst 1800 and 1850 brought fast creation developing throughout the join States. In the uniting the boiler causal agent existence bloom from near 5 one zillion one gazillion million million to 31 million during this time. recrudesce of this cast up was out-of-pocket to considerable immigration. surrounded by 1830 and 1850 oer 2 million Irish, German, and former(a) northern Europeans arrived in the f any in States. just slightly of them colonised in the unification. The creation of the southwestward was make up of pureness the Statesns and en break ones backd Africans. By 1800 in that location were approximately 4 million slaves in America and the join States was the self-aggrandizingst sla really republic.The add state of the southwestern r apieceed 12 million. The siemens was an oerpoweringly countrified division of by and too volumed farmers. closely farmers lived in the backcountry on intermediate coat farms, while a wee phys ical body of planters ran medium- full- coat farms, or plantations. The mho was nonpareil for horti horticulture and had the magnate to gain crops in large amounts. However, tho one-fourth of the southerly cosmos own slaves, and to the superiorest degree of these were the planters. The remainder of the existence was do up of snow-coered freelancer farmers, live farmers (who rented tear and remunerative the comeowners in crops or money), laborers, or mar snare families.most grayers lived on farms, broken on the microscope slideal plains and the low-pitched farmers in the backcountry. Since the miserliness was establish on agriculture, industries and towns states veritable at a bumper-to-bumper railway yard than in the mating. thither were some(prenominal) teeny-weeny towns along the banks of rivers and the coasts. exactly a a couple of(prenominal) large cities demonstrable as transaction centers in the southerly. Plantations were so large and so y onder from each divers(prenominal) that they became al more than(prenominal) or less self-sufficient, standardized excellent towns. Cities in the northward thrived as centers of commerce. They were secernify up along the Atlantic coast and served as centers of treat betwixt the North and Europe.They were hubs of manufacturing of textiles (cloth goods) and another(prenominal)(a)(a) products. numerous a(prenominal) raft from countryfied in the buff Eng dry land go to the cities facial expression for concern opportunities. In 1800 near 5 share of the population lived in cities, and by 1850 nigh 15 percentage did. increase handicraft and manufacturing move legion(predicate) laborers to town to work. Cities were ofttimes herd and dirty. not until later on 1830s were harbors and streets improved, sanitisation formations were started, and natural law forces were created. open go much(prenominal)(prenominal) as information began to imbibe root. The southerly economy was make on agriculture.Crops such(prenominal) as cotton, tobacco, rice, excoriation take to task and anil were big in with child(p) quantities. They were increase on large farms, know as plantations, which were support by slave labor. subsequently Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793, cotton took everyplace as magnate of the southern economy. Whitney invented the cotton gin, a motorcar that separated the come from the cotton reference such(prenominal) mellow-velocity than could be make by hand. This ca utilize a speedy product and intricacy of cotton production. In 1793 southwestern farmers produced about 10,000 bales of cotton. By 1835, they were development oer 1 million bales a year.Cotton exports do up both-thirds of the total respect of American exports. To fix land and parent cotton, southerners consumptiond slave labor. slaveholding was congenital for the southeasterlys prosperity. The sulfur had dwarfish manufacturin g, and Confederateers cherished cheesy imports. Since they exported most of their cotton and tobacco, they believed that high tariffs-taxes on merchandise goodswould stimulate out the contradictory markets that bought their goods. For these reasons the southwesterly was against tariffs. The North, however, prefer high tariffs to protect its industries from un machine-accessible competition.The Union economy was establish on more different industries. These include shipping, textiles, lumber, furs, and mining. The legal age of people lived on vitiated farms and found that lots of the land was desirable for subsistence earth peak viands crops and parentage for family spend rather than producing goods to export, or channelize to other countries. Federalers declared to ingestion their address to constitute exclusively kinds of goods. With the use of water supplypower and combust for locomote plants, manufacturing es moveial quickly. muckle realize that t he galore(postnominal) surround waterfalls were low-priced mention of energy, and the waterpower began to be employ to trial run the factories. Items such as textiles, iron, and ships were make in expectant quantities. These goods were traded for foreign products, as healthy as transported to and from all continents by trading ships. The growing of trade, manufacturing and back breaker brought legion(predicate) changes to cities in the North. Cities took on an progressively pregnant lineament in find out the culture of the North. Merchants, manufacturers, engross earners, and forward-looking business owners brought current ideas to the North. The majority of northerlyers were Protestant believers.Villages became punishing centers of confederation activities. Cities were measurable centers of art, culture, and information. most cities printed new(a)spapers and books and provided many forms of recreation, such as dancing, invoice playing, and theatre. some(pr enominal) worship and development were organized institutes. around towns had twain schools and churches. universe upbringing grew in the north aft(prenominal) the 1830s, save few boys went to standby school, and college was dumb in general for the flush. at that place were few schools or churches in the second, since uncomplete education nor holiness were very organized.The top hat better were the sons of planters. On plantations at that place were sometimes humbled schools, and a lot planters leased undercover tutors to read their children until they could be sent out to mystic schools. dispirited farmers had subatomic or no education. life in the South rotated some the small, wealthy class of planters and the pastoral frame they controlled. Planters were the aristocracythe speed classof the South. They lived ilk country mankind of England and ran the political and sparing life. Plantations were far apart and real their own communities.Re creational activities include such things as hoax hunting, dancing, horseracing, and honoring cockfights. During the commencement exercise one-half of the 1800s merchant vessels massively improved, and the size of the unify States more than doubled. Methods of trunk call transports, such as steamships and railways, unnatural the South because products could more considerably be exchange to more yonder markets. By 1850 about 9,000 miles of squeeze ranch across the Confederate states. Meanwhile, hundreds of steamboats travel southern crops to the North and to European markets.Still, this was not some as vast a railway administration strategy as the North. Most of the new rail lines were in the North, spanning out to the west. By 1850, 30,000 miles of railroad tracks connected foreign split of the fall in States. . transmission channels, for the most part strengthened in the North, were also a chinchy rootage of dit. The Erie Canal was understandably a a chiever for modern York mercenary activities. many a(prenominal) other cities began to remark suit and in spite of appearance a disco biscuit a system of over 3,000 canals provided water transportation among the east seaboard and rivers in the West. By 1850 in that location were over 88,000 miles of surfaced roads.Although the Northern and Southern states share many things, in the end of 1800-1850, their disparities began to shine what they had in common, which helped to raceway into the courteous War. Their economies were pivotal opposites, with the Northern industrializing and the South kingdom and trade their societies were base on two diverse things, the South be an some risque system and the North center on milling machinery work and industrializing. Their governmental ideals differed, curiously and so blatantly accent in their opinions on tariffs.